范文為教學中作為模范的文章,也常常用來指寫作的模板,。常常用于文秘寫作的參考,也可以作為演講材料編寫前的參考,。大家想知道怎么樣才能寫一篇比較優(yōu)質的范文嗎,?下面我給大家整理了一些優(yōu)秀范文,希望能夠幫助到大家,,我們一起來看一看吧,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇一
welcome to the temple of heaven. (after self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of china. there are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. all in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. it will take roughly one hour. mind you ,,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the god of heaven.
the largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to heaven ,,the temple of heaven served as an exclusive altar for chinese monarchs during the ming and qing dynasties. it was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship heaven and pray for good harvest. but why ?
the ancient chinese believed that heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to heaven came into being.
the heaven the ancient chinese referred to was actually the universe,, or nature. in those days,, there were specfic rites of worship. this was especially true during the ming and qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held.
the temple of heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of emperor youngle of the ming dynasty. situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. to better symbolize heaven and earth ,,the northern part of the temple is circular while the southern part is square .the whole compound is enclosed by two walls,, a square wall outside a round one. the outer area is characterized by suburban scenery,, while the inner part is used for sacrifices. the inner enclosure consists of the hall of prayer for good harvest and the circular mound altar.
the circular mound altar is enclosed by two walls ,,each containing four groups of southern lattice star gate, each in turn consisting of three doors,, with 24 marble doors altogether. standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. this reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs,, while the narrower one was used by courtiers.
on the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. he ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter.
we are now on the top terrace of the altar,, or the third terrace .each terrace has a flight of 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. at the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. the number of stones in the first ring is 9,, in the second ,,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. but why?
according to ancient chinese philosophy,, yin and yang were two opposing factors. heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the earth and even numbers belonged to yin. nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . what is more,, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
once more look at the round stone in the center. the upper terrace is nine zhang (a chinese unit of length,, one zhang equals 3.3 meters ) in circumference ,while the middle is 15 zhang,, the lower,,21 zhang. classified as yang numbers, the sum of these numerals is 45 zhang which was meant to symbolized success. what is more,, by applying the concept of odd numbers and strengthening nine and its multiples,, the concept of heaven was thus illustrated and realized . the concept of nine will also be mentioned when we visit some other buildings.
now i will give you a brief account of what happened here annually on the inter solstice. the memorial tablet dedicated to heaven would be set up on the north side of the terrace, while tablets dedicated to the emperor `s ancestors would be enshrined on the flanks. the service would begin around 4 o` clock in the morning. all of the lanterns would be lit .in the foreground,, a sacrificial calf is being barbecued. on the square in front of the altar,, the emperor,, under heavy escort of nearly a thousand courtiers,, princes of royal blood ,musicians,, dancers and uniformed soldiers,, would slowly ascend the altar to offer sacrifice and pray in honor of heaven. when the service drew to a close ,,the sacrifice offered in front of the memorial tablets would be incinerated .all of participants would watch the thick smoke rise upward as if they were seeing god off .music and dancing would follow .in the end ,,the emperor would return to the forbidden city secure in the belief that he would be blessed and protected by heaven until the next winter solstice.
it is interesting to note that ,the stone in the very middle of the altar was of major importance ,,since it was where the emperor used to stand to say his prayer. the stone ,,which is known as the god`s heart stone, is peculiar in that it is characterized by a specific acoustic phenomenon: it made the emperor` s voice clearer and louder,, thus adding to the mystic atmosphere of the service .you can try this out by yourself. (proceed northward to pass through the lattice stargate)
this structure is known as heaven` s storehouse. it is entered through the gate of glazed tiles. the roofing,beams,, and brackets are all made of glazed tiles or bricks. this is the only structure of its kind in china today .
the heaven` s storehouse was where memorial tablets dedicated to the gods were kept. douglas hurd, a former british foreigh secretary ,,once said , “god attends to his affairs on the cir4cular mound altar but stays here. ” now let` s go in to to see it (go through the left side door)
(in the courtyard of heaven` s storehouse)this is the imperial vault of heaven,, the main structure of heaven` s storehouse. it was built in 1530 and is 17 meters in height and 19 meters in diameter. the structure feature blue roofs topped by a gilded ball ,,and carved wooden doors and windows. it is decorated with colored paintings. founded on a 3-meter-hign round marble terrace ,,the building also features a gigantic carved marble ramp laid in the stone staircase leading up to the front entrance.. the ramp is carved in “two dragons playing with a pearl ” design in relief. we will enter the main hall by going up the stone staircase on the eastern side.
the arch of the hall is buttressed by 16 giant pillars on two rings. on top of the pillars there are gilt brackets supporting a circular caisson ,,or covered ceiling .the ceiling is characterized by a golden coiling dragon design. the 8 pillar of the inner ring are painted scarlet and decorated with golden lotuses.
to the north of the hall there is a marble pedestal. atop it ,up a wooden flight of 9 steps,, is where the major tablet dedicate to heaven was enshrined. on each flank four tablets are enshrined in honor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex hall in hornor of the ancestors of the qing emperors. in the annex halls in the courtyard, there are tablets dedicated to the deities of the sun,, moon ,constellation,, cloud ,rain,, wind and thunder.
aside from exquisitely laid out architectures, heaven` s storehouse is also famous for two structures with peculiar acoustic features,, i. e. the echo wall and the triple- sound stone. a mere whisper at any point close to the wall can be heard clearly on the other side,, although the parties may be 40 or 50 meters apart. this is possible because the wall is round and hermetically constructed with smooth ,solid bricks.
in front of the steps leading away from the halls is the triple sound stone. if you stand on the first stone and call out or clap your hands,, the sound will echo once; on the second stone,, the sound will be heard twice; and on the third stone,, the sound will repeat three times. hence the name. (go out through the right door and stroll along the circular path nor thward)
the temple of heaven is also famous for its cypress trees-there are more than 60,,000 cypress trees in all,among which over 4,,000 are more than one hundred years old ,adding to the solemn atmosphere of the temple .this tall cypress was planted more than 500 years ago. its thick branches and twisting trunk resembling nine coiling playful dragons; thus it is known as the nine-dragon cypress. it is said that this tree was here to welcome the monarchs. now it is here to welcome visitor from all over the world.
now we are back again on the central axis. this brick-arched gate is known as chengzhen (adopting fidelity) .this gate is the northern gate of the circular mound altar and the hall of prayer for good harvest. the hall of prayer for good harvest is situated at the extreme end of the axis. it was used by the emperor in the first month of every lunar year for services dedicated to good harvest.
entering the hall of prayer for good harvest,, we set foot on a raised passage 360 meters long,, which the emperor also took to proceed to the hall. this broad north-south walkway,, called danbiqiao (red stairway bridge),, connects the two sets of main building in the temple of heaven and constitutes a single axis.
the passage is spanided into left, control and right paths by the cross arrangement of slabs. the central and the widest path is known as heavenly thoroughfare ,, which was reserved exclusively for god; nobody, including the emperor,, was allowed to set foot onto it . the emperor used the path on the east,which is known as the imperial walk. the ministers and princes used the one on the west .interesting enough ,,there is no walkway left for ordinary people. this is because the temple of heaven used to be off-limits to them.
contrary to appearances,, this walkway is not a bridge at all . but how so ? this road is 4 meters above the ground and there is a cavern underneath that was reserved for sacrificial oxen and sheep. the cattle were slaughtered at a slaughterhouse about 500 meters away and brought here for sacrifice. all in all ,it can be said this walkway did serve as bridge and can be looked upon as the first cloverleaf in beijing.
looking back at the thoroughfare,, you may realize that this walk is gaining height toward its northern end. as people approach the architectural group of the hall of prayer for good harvest, the flanking groves of cypress recede and perspective widens. here you are in heaven.
the marble terrace up ahead is called jufutai,, or costumechanging terrace. it is located to the east of the red stairway bridge and covers a space of 25 square meters .it has marble slab balustrades. the day before the service ,,officials in charge would put up a yellow satin tent on the terrace for the emperor to change out of his yellow dragon robe into blue ceremonial clothes. after the service,the emperor would return to the tentand change back into his imperial robe before returning to the palace. (proceed to the south gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest)
this structure is called the gate of pray for good harvest. we can catch a slight glimpse of the central building ,,the hall of prayer for good harvest, though the colonnade of the gate. a gigantic and lofty group of buildings, the complex includes the gate of prayer for good harvest,, the hall of prayer for good harvest,, eastern and western annex halls ,,the huanqian (imperial heaven) long corridor,, heaven kitchen,, slaughterhouse,, etc.
the annex halls were symmetrically built on a 1.5-meter-hignbrick-and-marble terrace ,to set off the loftiness and magnificence of the main hall .this unique building ,,38 meters in height, is characterized by a cone-shaped structure with triple eaves and a top that is crowned by a gilt ball. the roofing is made of blue glazed tiles,, the color of the sky .underneath the roof, the beams and bracket are decorated with colored paintings. the base of the structure is a triple-tiered,, circular marble terrace. at a distance, the terrace looks like a gigantic,, spiraling cloud with the structure perched on top of it .
today the hall of prayer for good harvest is the hallmark of beijing, which enjoys a prolonged history of civilization.
the base of the hall is a triple-tiered,, circular marble terrace,, which is 90 meters in diameter and 6 meters in height ,covering a space of 4,,000 square meters. meticulous accuracy was given to the layout of the structure. in the middle of each three-tiered flight of stairs,, there is a giant marble ramp carved in cloud,, dragon and phoenix designs. to set off the ramps,, the top of the balustrades and downpipes are designed with corresponding floral scrolls. in southern part of each tier,, a gigantic bronze incense burner is placed. sandalwood was burnt in them when rites were observed.
(in front of the hall of prayer for good harvest) climbing up this marble terrace,, we see the main hall,a masterpiece of ancient china. looking up you will see the caisson,, or covered ceiling,, characterized by complex designs of dragons and phoenixes. in and out , the hall is decorated with colored drawing of dragons and phoenixes.
without the use of steel ,,cement and nail, and even without the use of big beams and crossbeams,,the entire structure is supported by 28 massive wooden pillars and number of bars, laths,, joints and rafters. the four central pillars,, called the dragon-well pillars, are 19.2 meters high and painted with designs of composite followers,, representing the four season. there are two rings of 12 scarlet pillars each. the inner ring represents the 12 months and the outer rings the 12 spanisions of the day and night .between the two rings there are 24 partitioned spaces to mark the solar terms of the chinese lunar year. the pillars,, 28 in number, also represent the 28 constellations in the universe- the ancient chinese believed that there were 28 constellations that made up the sky.
the center of the stone-paved floor is a round marble slab,, which is 88.5 centimeters in diameter. interestingly, the slab features natural black and white veins,, corresponding to the dragon-phoenix design on the ceiling. this particular slab is known as the dragon-phoenix stone and is regarded as a treasure inseparable from the hall.
the furnishings within the hall are placed in their original positions dating back to when emperor xianfeng ruled .in the forefront and above the throne are enshrined tablets in commemoration of heaven. on either table on each side tablets of the emperor` s ancestors were placed. each tablet is fronted by an altar. a total of 24 kinds of offering were made on it ,,including soup,, wine, assorted cereals,, and a calf.
the sacrificial rites were observed in the wee hours of the morning, sometime in the first month of the chinese lunar year. because it was still dark,, candles, lanterns and torches were lit. this lighting coupled with the incense being burnt inside the hall ,,helped make the ceremony both grand and mystical.
by the time the service began,207 musicians and dancers would be performing on platforms outside the hall. the emperor,, in his blue sacrificial robe and with an air of piety and sincerity, would walk slowly into the hall,, kowtow, and offer wine and prayer in hornor of the deities and his ancestors. all of the offerings would then be taken to incinerators on the eastern side of the gate of prayer for good harvest. with this we conclude our visit to the temper of heaven. the feudal monarchs and their sacrificial rites have long vanished in history .however,, this group of magnificent and lofty structures remain as a fine testament of the ancient chinese` s ingenuity and as one of the cultural heritages of mankind.
from the eastern gate of the hall of prayer for good harvest,, we have now enter a 300-meter-long corridor. consisting of 72 sections, this corridor served as a connecting building between the slaughterhouse. heaven kitchen,, and the main hall ,,it is said that this once served as a sacrificial food production line. flanking the corridor are shopping stalls. you may find some souvenirs for your family and friend there.
well ,,that is all for this tour. thank you for your attention. i look forward to your next visit. good luck and bon voyage.
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇二
我叫任_,,是你們這次天壇之旅的導游,。此刻我們的車正行駛在去天壇的路上,在那里我先簡單地介紹一下天壇,。
天壇位于北京城南端,是明清兩代祭祀天地之神和祈禱五谷豐登的地方,。它的嚴謹?shù)慕ㄖ季郑嫣氐慕ㄖY構,,瑰麗的建筑裝飾,,被認為是我國現(xiàn)存的一組最精致、最美麗的古建筑群,。天壇不僅僅是中國古建筑中的明珠,也是世界建筑史上的瑰寶,。
好了,,我們已經(jīng)到了天壇公園,請大家跟我出發(fā)吧!此刻我們看到的是祈年殿,。殿高33米,,直徑24。2米,,是昔日北京的最高建筑之一,。1751年重建祈年殿,更換藍瓦金頂,。1887年八月二十四日,雷雨交加,,祈年殿不幸被擊中,焚燒,。因楹柱為檀香木,香飄數(shù)里!
下面我們來到天壇南半部的圓丘壇,,它始建于1530年,坐北朝南,,四周繞以紅色宮墻,。子墻內(nèi)部各有一大門,每座門上題有滿漢合壁門額,。內(nèi)中央處,就是祭天臺(也叫拜天臺),,即圓丘臺。
咦,,不知大家是否注意到,自從我們進入天壇,,到處樹木蔥郁,尤其在南北軸線和建筑群附近,,更是古柏參天,樹冠相接,,把祭壇烘托得十分肅穆。
好了,,我的介紹到那里就結束了,下面大家能夠自由參觀,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇三
各位游客,你們好!今天我們要參觀的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇,。
天壇是明朝永樂皇帝建成的祭天圣壇,主建筑是大祀殿,,也就是今天的祈年殿,。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻,北圓南方,,寓意天圓地方。乾隆年間,,將大祀殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿,將屋頂瓦片改成藍色的琉璃瓦,,形成了今天我們看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群。
這一祭天圣地,,在1860年遭到了英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫,1900年又遭到八國聯(lián)軍的蹂躪,。新中國成立以后,,這里成了著名的旅游景點,,來這里的除了旅游者,還有很多健身的人們,。
現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始游覽。
現(xiàn)在我們是沿著天壇建筑的中軸線在向南行進,,將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘有兩道圍護墻,,外方內(nèi)圓,符合天圓地方的說法,。每道墻都有四組門,大家可以注意到,,門的大小都不一樣,,這是因為中門是上帝專用的,,所以高大;皇帝只能從左側的門進入;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。
來到圜丘壇下,我們馬上要開始登壇了,,不過要請您留心數(shù)一數(shù),每層壇面都有多少臺階,。到了最高層,大家會發(fā)現(xiàn),,壇上所有的臺階數(shù),都是九或者九的倍數(shù),。這些難道都是巧合么?當然不是,因為古人認為九是極陽數(shù),,所以工匠們便用這個數(shù)字來賦予圜丘壇“崇高”之意,。
說完了神壇的奇妙,,我再給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況,。
到了每年的冬至,皇帝就要在這里祭天,。在這個典禮上,需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方,,就是這塊天心石。它是天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象之一,。在這里朗讀的時候聲音特別洪亮,各位游客不妨體驗一下,,也像當年的皇帝一樣,,向上天訴說自己美好的愿望,。
現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走,面前的建筑叫做天庫,,它的正殿就是皇穹宇。皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了“至高無上”“天”“宇宙”的意思,,更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。這組建筑不僅十分精美,,而且還有回音壁和三音石,這和剛才我們說的“天心石”合稱天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇四
各位游客,,你們好!今天我們要參觀的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇,。
天壇是明朝永樂皇帝建成的祭天圣壇,主建筑是大祀殿,,也就是今天的祈年殿。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻,,北圓南方,寓意天圓地方,。乾隆年間,將大祀殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿,,將屋頂瓦片改成藍色的琉璃瓦,形成了今天我們看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群,。
這一祭天圣地,在1860年遭到了英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫,,1920xx年又遭到八國聯(lián)軍的蹂躪。新中國成立以后,,這里成了著名的旅游景點,,來這里的除了旅游者,,還有很多健身的人們,。
現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始游覽。
現(xiàn)在我們是沿著天壇建筑的中軸線在向南行進,將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇,。圜丘有兩道圍護墻,外方內(nèi)圓,,符合天圓地方的說法。每道墻都有四組門,,大家可以注意到,,門的大小都不一樣,這是因為中門是上帝專用的,,所以高大;皇帝只能從左側的門進入;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。
來到圜丘壇下,,我們馬上要開始登壇了,不過要請您留心數(shù)一數(shù),,每層壇面都有多少臺階,。到了最高層,,大家會發(fā)現(xiàn),壇上所有的臺階數(shù),,都是九或者九的倍數(shù)。這些難道都是巧合么?當然不是,,因為古人認為九是極陽數(shù),所以工匠們便用這個數(shù)字來賦予圜丘壇“崇高”之意,。
說完了神壇的奇妙,我再給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況,。到了每年的冬至,,皇帝就要在這里祭天,。在這個典禮上,需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方,,就是這塊天心石。它是天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象之一,。在這里朗讀的時候聲音特別洪亮,各位游客不妨體驗一下,,也像當年的皇帝一樣,向上天訴說自己美好的愿望,。
現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走,面前的建筑叫做天庫,,它的正殿就是皇穹宇,。皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了“至高無上”“天”“宇宙”的意思,,更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊,。這組建筑不僅十分精美,而且還有回音壁和三音石,,這和剛才我們說的“天心石”合稱天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻,,圍墻十分平滑,,可以傳聲,,在傳遞途中對聲音損失極小,,只要對著墻說話,就算相隔四五十米,,見不到面,都可以清晰地聽到對方說話,。
三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭,您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音,,站在第二塊石頭上拍手可以聽到兩次,而站在第三塊石頭上拍手就可以聽到三次回音,,所以稱為三音石。
在游覽過了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后,,我們即將走進祈谷壇了,,祈谷壇的主體建筑就是祈年殿,祈年殿是一座極具中國特色的獨特建筑,。
圓形尖屋頂是用藍色的琉璃瓦覆蓋,以此來象征天,。和每年的祭天一樣,,這里是用來祈谷的地方。在祭祀的當天,,有樂隊在殿外月臺上奏樂,,身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠步入神殿,,向牌位行大禮,,祈禱上蒼,,然后把供品送到祈年門外焚燒,,送上天宮。
現(xiàn)在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來,,可以看到一條長廊,,是祭祀時運送祭品的通道。
今天的觀光游覽就要結束了,,在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶,。同時也請您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人朋友。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇五
各位游客,,我們今天所要參觀的就是以前皇帝祭天的地方――天壇。明朝永樂皇帝遷都北京以后,,在北京南城仿照南京的大祀殿建立了這座用于祭天的圣壇,占地面積達到了273萬平方米,。主要有五組建筑群,分別是圜丘壇建筑群,、祈谷壇建筑群、齋宮建筑群,、神樂署和犧牲所建筑群,。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻,北面是圓形,,南面是方形,取意天圓地方,。在一開始,祭天和祭地都是天壇,,直到明嘉靖年間在北城修建了地壇,才分開的,,并且新增了圜丘壇,用于孟冬祭天,,把原來的大祀殿改為大享殿,專門用于孟春祈谷,,當時殿宇屋頂已經(jīng)是三重檐了,從上至下的藍黃綠三色瓦分別代表了天地萬物,。而在乾隆年間,,將大享殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿,,而將屋頂瓦片都改成了藍色的琉璃瓦,。從而形成了今天我們所看到的這個世界上規(guī)模最大,、形制最完備的古代祭天建筑群。
可是這樣一個祭天圣地,,卻也曾經(jīng)在1860年時遭到英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫,繼而在1900年的時候又遭到了八國聯(lián)軍的蹂躪,。在1916年袁世凱登基的時候也曾經(jīng)在天壇上演了一出祭天的鬧劇,。在1918年元旦那天,,天壇正式對外開放。1957年,,北京市政府公布天壇為北京第一批文物保護單位,。1961年,,天壇被國務院公布為全國重點文物保護單位。1998年12月,,聯(lián)合國教科文組織將天壇列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
今日的天壇是歷史文化名城北京古都風貌的重要組成部分,,壇內(nèi)的祈年殿已經(jīng)成為古都北京的象征,。
下面就由我?guī)ьI大家沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始此次游覽。現(xiàn)在我們正沿著天壇建筑的中軸線向北行進,,將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇。圜丘外圍有兩道壇墻,,外方內(nèi)圓,符合天圓地方的說法,。兩道壇墻的四個正位設欞星門,。從東面依次是泰元門、昭亨門,、廣利門,、成貞門,每組三門,,共有24座,,稱為“云門玉立”,。大家可以注意到,,欞星門的大小都不一樣,,這是因為中門是皇天上帝專用的,,所以高大;皇帝只能從左側的門進入,,這是因為古代以左為尊;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過,。這四門的名稱出自《易經(jīng)·乾卦》的卦辭“元亨利貞”,?!霸睘樵急驹?,“亨”為無不亨通,,“利”為和諧有利,,“貞”為正固持久,。這四個字本用來贊美天的本質,,也稱為天之“四德”,。而門外的一座平臺就是皇帝在祭天大典之前更換祭服和盥洗的地方,,叫做具服臺,。
來到圜丘壇上,,發(fā)現(xiàn)了,壇上所有的臺階數(shù),,護板數(shù)都是九或者九的倍數(shù)。每登上一層,,都要有9層臺階,,臺面上的石板中間的叫做天心石,外圍第一圈砌著9塊巨大的扇形石板,,第二圈18塊,以此類推,,到了最外邊的第九圈正好是81塊;而大家抬頭就可以看到的圍護板被四面臺階分為四個部分,,每個部分也都有9塊,而中層的圍護板是18塊,,下層的是27塊,,因為根據(jù)陰陽五行來說,,9是極陽數(shù),,所以古代的工匠便用這個數(shù)字來賦予圜丘臺意念上的崇高,。
每年的冬至,皇帝就要在這里祭天,。在大典前兩天,,皇帝要在故宮里進行齋戒,,而到了第三天,,也就是冬至前一天,,就要到天壇的齋宮進行齋戒,。冬至那天,,在日出前七刻,現(xiàn)在的凌晨四點多,,奏報時辰,皇帝起駕,,齋宮東北角的鐘樓開始鳴鐘。到具服臺盥洗更衣,,神牌都送到臺面相應的位置,,也就是七組神位,稱作七幄;在圜丘前燔柴爐上放一只牛犢,,用松枝燔燒,西南的望燈桿望燈高懸,,點燃蟠龍通宵寶蠟,臺南廣場上排列著奏樂隊,,配合著中和韶樂,在文武百官的陪同下,,祭天大典就正式開始了,,皇帝由南欞星左門登壇,,這時鐘聲停止,到了第二層南側拜位站好后,,聽候司贊人報儀程。恭讀至皇天上帝的祝文,。禮儀結束以后,,要將神位前的貢品分別送到燔柴爐和燎爐焚燒,,煙霧騰空,,象征著送到天庭,。而后還要將牛尾,、牛毛、牛血送到瘞坎掩埋,,象征不忘祖先茹毛飲血之意。在這個典禮上,,皇帝站在臺面中心的天心石上恭讀祝文。天心石又叫億兆景從石,,人間偶語,天聞若雷,,說的就是站在天心石上說話,,皇天上帝就能清楚的聽到,所以皇帝會站在天心石上恭讀祝文,。天心石是天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象之一。
中國封建統(tǒng)治延續(xù)了兩千多年,,天壇的規(guī)劃、設計思想,,體現(xiàn)了它的合理性。祭天已成為歷史的過去,,但凝結了古代匠師智慧和血汗的神壇將作為世界遺產(chǎn)永久保護傳世。它將為人類文明的進步永遠發(fā)揮著史料,、借鑒和教育三大作用,。今天我就為大家講解這么多了,,現(xiàn)在大家可以自由的去公園里看看,,請大家注意安全,,半個小時后我們在東門集合,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇六
大家好!今天由我來帶著大家游玩天壇公園,,我叫馬思宇,大家也可以叫我馬導,,現(xiàn)在讓我來給大家介紹一下天壇公園,。
天壇的美麗景色打動了五湖四海、四面八方的游客,,那里的建筑十分壯觀、美麗,是不容置疑的世界文化遺產(chǎn),。天壇建于公元15世紀上半葉,坐落在皇家園林當中,,四周古松懷抱,是保存完好的壇廟建筑群,。
天壇里還有許許多多有趣的建筑呢!
1。祈年殿:祈年殿大家一定不耳生,,它可是天壇的代表作呢!原來它是皇帝祈禱五谷豐登的場所,是一座三重檐的圓形大殿,,里面刻著精美的圖畫,最頂上按著一塊石頭叫龍鳳石,,可以隱隱約約的看見一條龍和一只鳳,到了祈年殿大家可以看一看,。祈年殿高38米,,直徑32。72米,,藍色的琉璃瓦頂,,全磚木結構,沒有大梁,、長檁,全靠28根結實的木柱子和36根枋支撐,,是具有高度的藝術價值的藝術品。
2,。回音壁:朋友們,,我小的時候來這里,我們就去了這里,,我在東,爸爸在西,,我小聲的說了個:“老爸”過來一會兒,我倆會合了,,爸爸問我:“你是不是說了個老爸?”我驚奇的答道:“是,你是怎么知道的?”爸爸說:“回音壁是皇穹宇的圍墻,。墻高3。72米,,厚0,。9米,圓徑61,。5米,周長193,。32米。圍墻的弧度十分規(guī)則的,。”怎么樣?有趣吧!不信的話到那里試一試吧!
3,。圜丘壇:圜丘壇是皇帝舉行祭天大禮的地方,站在它的最上層中央的圓石上,,雖小聲說話,卻顯得十分洪亮,。還有臺面上墁嵌九重天,。即第一重日天,第二重月天,,第三重金星天,第四重木星天,,第五重水星天,第六重火星天,,第七重土星天,,第八重二十八宿天,,第九重宗天,?!?/p>
怎么樣?大家一定迫不及待了吧!聽了我的介紹大家一定對天壇有了一定的了解吧!不過我的口下可說不完天壇的美麗和炫麗,,還需要大家去細細游賞!祝大家玩的開心!我們一會兒見!
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇七
親愛的游客們,,大家好!我叫王_ ,大家可以叫我王導,。我是你們的導游,請大家跟好我的腳步,,我們今天的景點是北京舉世聞名的天壇。
下面我們來到了天壇的祈年殿,。祈年殿是天壇最早的建筑物,殿有33米高大約11層樓房那么高,。1887年八月二十四日,雷雨交加,,祈年殿不幸被擊中,,燒毀,。因柱為檀香木,香飄數(shù)里,。
下面我們已經(jīng)到達“天庫”了,“天庫里有三音石,,”它就在黃穹宇里,只要在第一個三音石上拍一下,,就回聲一下,,在第二個三音石上拍一下,就回聲兩下,在第三個三音石上拍一下,,就回聲三下,所以,,它們才稱為“三音石”。
黃穹宇里還有回音壁,,你站在一端貼著墻小聲說話,另一端的人只要耳朵貼著墻面就能聽的異常清晰,,還有立體效果哦!大家可以試試。這證明500年前的中國人已經(jīng)能夠運用聲學了,。是不是很有智慧呢?
現(xiàn)在我們來到了圓丘壇,它有兩個防護墻,,一些階梯和古人的雕像。
游客們,,現(xiàn)在你們可自由觀賞,,但請注意,不要亂涂亂畫,,帶小孩的游客請管好你的小孩,兩個小時后在天壇門口見,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇八
各位!現(xiàn)在我們來到了圜丘壇景區(qū),其實呀,,它才是真正的“天壇”,,因為這里才是皇帝在冬至祭天用的祭天臺。圜丘壇建于明嘉靖年間,,即公元1530年,位于整個院落的南端,,我先給大家介紹一下圜丘壇院落中的陳設,。請看西邊,,那里有一桿很高的木桿,,它叫望燈桿,,是祭天的時候掛燈籠用的,。各位也許要問:祭天掛什么燈籠呀?當然要掛啦 !因為當年祭天的時間不是在白天,,而是在日出前七刻,,即零晨四點一刻,。您想想,在漆黑的冬夜,,老百姓都在被窩里熟睡的時候,,皇帝來祭天,也真是夠辛苦的,,掛個燈籠照個亮,不過分吧?不過,,皇帝照亮,,非同一般,那必須是“吉燈高照”。那么現(xiàn)在請大家猜一猜這座燈竿有多高?現(xiàn)在我來宣布正確答案:燈桿的高度是九丈九尺九寸,,為什么不再加點湊夠10丈呢?肯定有原因,,不錯,請各位先猜猜看,,待會兒我再告訴大家。不僅燈桿不一般,,那燈籠也不一般,,高有兩米,直徑兩米六,,夠氣派吧!但最不一般的還得說那燈籠中的蟠龍通霄寶蠟,長有一米三,,直徑三十厘米,可連續(xù)燃燒12個小時,,既不用剪蠟花,也不流蠟油,,是當年皇帝祭天的專用寶蠟,。
再看看東邊的這個綠色建筑物,,它的名字叫燔柴爐,,是在祭天大典結束后,焚燒祝板及祭品的地方,。這是鐵鐐爐,,在進行大典的時候爐內(nèi)燃燒松桿,、松柏,,同時還燒些檀香木,,一時間火光沖天,,香煙繚繞,,不但增加了神秘莊嚴的氣氛,,而且在寒冷的冬夜給皇帝帶來了一絲暖意,,真是一舉多得呀!
現(xiàn)在,言歸正傳,,我給大家介紹一下圜丘壇,它是一座三層的圓形石臺,,為什么要將祭天臺設計成圓形呢?因為古代人們認為天是圓的,,地是方的,既然是祭天臺,,自然要設計成圓形了,。普通人看這座祭天臺是用大理石建制的,,但設計者們是用數(shù)字“九”建成了這座神秘的祭天臺,現(xiàn)在我們一起來找找那些神秘的“九”看它們藏在何處,。
(走近圜丘壇,,在圜丘壇的近前)
耳聽為虛,,眼見為實,在這兒咱們不妨來個腳踏為實,,請大家一邊登上這一組臺階,,一邊數(shù)數(shù)這組臺階有多少級(自地面層到底間層,因為這里人少,,面積大)一、二,、三,、四、五,、六、七,、八、九,,正好九級(把客人帶到底層平臺的東側),。往上還有兩組臺階,每組也是九級,,整個圜丘壇東,、南,、西、北各開一口,,每個登壇口都有上、中,、下三組臺階,每一組臺階都是九級,,現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)找到了12個“九”了。我們再找找看,,腳下底層祭壇的壇面直徑21丈,,沒有“九”,,中層直徑15丈,也沒有“九”,,頂層“九”丈,有一個“九”,,如果把三層直徑相加,便是四十五,,五九四十五,,不但有“九”還有“五”,象征皇帝的“”之尊,。真是巧奪天工!那么,別的地方還有“九”嗎?有!請各位更上二層“九”,,我們到最上層看一看,。
(在圜丘壇頂端,,東側無人處)
各位,,現(xiàn)在有沒有感到“九”的氣味兒更濃了?大家請看壇面中心,,有塊圓形石塊,它叫天心石,,被一層一層的扇形石板所環(huán)繞,,這第一環(huán)是九塊,第二環(huán)是二“九”一十八塊,,第三環(huán)是三九二十七塊,直到最邊上一環(huán)為九九八十一塊,。再看一看中層,,它由十個九塊開始至十八個九塊,底層至十九個九塊至二十七個九塊,,即三層壇面,每層鋪九環(huán)石板,,每環(huán)石塊又都是九的倍數(shù),,自一倍至二十七倍,這樣,,上、中,、下三層壇面共鋪石板3402塊,,即378個“九”。
還記得嗎?剛才我們看到的望燈桿高九丈九尺九寸,,燔柴爐兩側臺階各九級,皇帝還嫌不夠,,祭天時還要向皇天上帝敬酒,可見皇帝對九的崇敬,,為什么?咱們下壇再說。
(天心石講解)
各位請看,,在祭天臺中心有一塊突起的圓形石塊,,它叫“天心石”,又叫“億兆景從石”,,為何叫天心石呢?據(jù)說這塊石頭是宇宙的中心,是皇帝與天上諸神們相互交流的“天界”,,故心有靈犀者,,便可在此與“神”交流一番,。那為什么又叫“億兆景從石”呢?“億兆”是多的意思,,“景從”是象影子一樣隨從,所以說白了“億兆景從石”就是“一呼百應石”,,這是一組奇妙的聲學現(xiàn)象,,即當你站在圓心石上,輕聲說話時,,聲音不僅宏大,而且有共鳴及回音,。那么,這是什么原因造成的現(xiàn)象呢?請看,,由于壇面十分光潔平整,聲波傳到周圍的石欄桿后能迅速地被反射回來,,據(jù)聲學專家測驗,從發(fā)音到聲波再回到圓心石的時間僅為0.07秒,,說話者根本無法分清它是原音還是回聲,所以有一呼百應的感覺,。 當皇帝站在天心石上說話的時候,感到不僅有神助——聲音宏亮,,又有人助——一呼百應,身為人君者便把這一呼百應的回聲當成是天下萬民對自己的無限忠心及一致響應,。以前只有皇帝才能站在這里說話,,現(xiàn)在我們也可以蹬上天心石許下一個美好的愿望,。不過,,別貪心,,每人只能許下一個心愿,,現(xiàn)在我們推舉一名德高望眾的朋友為我們大家許個愿吧!
(九的揭密,,在走下圜丘壇后的東北側講解)
各位朋友,,現(xiàn)在是我們解開“九”的秘密的時候了,,我問問大家,,自然界最大的東西是什么?對了,,是天;自然數(shù)里最大的數(shù)字是什么?是“九”,。根據(jù)陰陽學說,,在天地間,天為陽,,地為陰;在數(shù)字中奇數(shù)為陽,偶數(shù)為陰;在方向上南為陽,,北為陰,所以“九”與“天”都屬陽,,都是老大,,所以古代用“九”象征天,,于是用“九”來筑祭天臺便是天經(jīng)地義的事了,。
祭祀完畢,,皇帝回宮,,那么皇天上帝的牌位何去何從?當然,,也要回宮,,不過它可不回人間的宮殿,,而是人間的天宮,,在哪里呢?那就是我們前面的那座建筑---皇穹宇,,好!我們現(xiàn)在便去天宮拜訪一下皇天上帝,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇九
各位游客:
大家好!我叫林芷晴,,我是你們今天的導游,大家能叫我小林,。今天,我們要來參觀一下在我們中國北京東南的“北京天壇”,。下面請容許我為你們講解一下吧
天壇位于北京天安門的東南,。始建于明成祖永樂十八年,,原名“天地壇”,,是明清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神的地方,,明嘉靖九年在北京北郊另建祭祀的地壇,,此處就專為祭祀上天和祈求豐收的場所,,并改名為“天壇”。
天壇的主體建筑是祈年殿,,每年皇帝都在這里舉行祭天儀式,祈禱風調雨順,、五谷豐登。祈年殿呈圓形,,直徑32米,高38米,,是三重檐亭式圓殿,寶頂鎏金,,碧藍琉璃瓦蓋頂;殿內(nèi)九龍藻井極其精致,,富麗堂皇,,光彩奪目,。
天壇共占地270萬平方米,,規(guī)模宏偉,是中國現(xiàn)存最大的古代祭祀性建筑群,。它以嚴謹?shù)囊?guī)劃布局,奇特的建筑史上占有重要位置,,也是世界建筑藝術的珍貴遺產(chǎn)。
相信大家聽到這里,,一定是又好奇又興奮吧,,看,前面就是目的地了,,在此我特別提醒:
1、大家在參觀的過程中不能大聲喧嘩;2,、不要亂扔垃圾;3、要是迷路的話,,請撥打電話給我。最后祝大家旅行愉快,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇十
各位游客,,你們好!今天我們要參觀的是以前皇帝祭天的地方——天壇,。
天壇是明朝永樂皇帝建成的祭天圣壇,主建筑是大祀殿,,也就是今天的祈年殿。天壇有外壇墻和內(nèi)壇墻,,北圓南方,寓意天圓地方,。乾隆年間,將大祀殿改為現(xiàn)在的祈年殿,,將屋頂瓦片改成藍色的琉璃瓦,形成了今天我們看到的這個世界上最大的祭天建筑群,。
這一祭天圣地,,在1860年遭到了英法聯(lián)軍的洗劫,,1920xx年又遭到八國聯(lián)軍的蹂躪。新中國成立以后,,這里成了著名的旅游景點,,來這里的除了旅游者,還有很多健身的人們,。
現(xiàn)在就讓我們沿著當年皇帝登壇的路線開始游覽。
現(xiàn)在我們是沿著天壇建筑的中軸線在向南行進,,將要看到的就是古代皇帝祭天的圜丘壇,。圜丘有兩道圍護墻,外方內(nèi)圓,,符合天圓地方的說法。每道墻都有四組門,,大家可以注意到,,門的大小都不一樣,這是因為中門是上帝專用的,,所以高大;皇帝只能從左側的門進入;而其他的官員只能從右邊最小的門通過。
來到圜丘壇下,,我們馬上要開始登壇了,,不過要請您留心數(shù)一數(shù),每層壇面都有多少臺階,。到了最高層,大家會發(fā)現(xiàn),,壇上所有的臺階數(shù),都是九或者九的倍數(shù),。這些難道都是巧合么?當然不是,因為古人認為九是極陽數(shù),,所以工匠們便用這個數(shù)字來賦予圜丘壇“崇高”之意。
說完了神壇的奇妙,,我再給您介紹一下祭天大典的盛況。
到了每年的冬至,,皇帝就要在這里祭天。在這個典禮上,,需要特別提到的是皇帝恭讀祝文所站立的地方,就是這塊天心石,。它是天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象之一。在這里朗讀的時候聲音特別洪亮,,各位游客不妨體驗一下,,也像當年的皇帝一樣,向上天訴說自己美好的愿望,。
現(xiàn)在咱們繼續(xù)沿著中軸線行走,面前的建筑叫做天庫,,它的正殿就是皇穹宇?;蜀酚钊齻€字也分別代表了“至高無上”“天”“宇宙”的意思,更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊,。這組建筑不僅十分精美,,而且還有回音壁和三音石,這和剛才我們說的“天心石”合稱天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象,。
回音壁就是皇穹宇的外墻,,圍墻十分平滑,可以傳聲,,在傳遞途中對聲音損失極小,只要對著墻說話,,就算相隔四五十米,見不到面,,都可以清晰地聽到對方說話,。
三音石是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭,您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音,,站在第二塊石頭上拍手可以聽到兩次,而站在第三塊石頭上拍手就可以聽到三次回音,,所以稱為三音石,。
在游覽過了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后,,我們即將走進祈谷壇了,,祈谷壇的主體建筑就是祈年殿,祈年殿是一座極具中國特色的獨特建筑,。
圓形尖屋頂是用藍色的琉璃瓦覆蓋,,以此來象征天,。和每年的祭天一樣,,這里是用來祈谷的地方,。在祭祀的當天,,有樂隊在殿外月臺上奏樂,,身穿祭服的皇帝虔誠步入神殿,,向牌位行大禮,,祈禱上蒼,,然后把供品送到祈年門外焚燒,,送上天宮,。
現(xiàn)在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來,,可以看到一條長廊,,是祭祀時運送祭品的通道。
今天的觀光游覽就要結束了,,在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶,。同時也請您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人朋友,。
北京天壇導游詞完整版篇十一
大家好,面前的建筑叫做天壇,,而它的正殿就是皇穹宇?;蜀酚罱ㄓ诿骷尉妇拍辏鸪踅凶鎏┥竦?,到了十七年,改名為現(xiàn)在的皇穹宇,,它的作用就是在平日存放圜丘壇祭祀主神的地方,,所以這里也叫圜丘壇寢宮,。殿內(nèi)正面的圓形石臺上安放的就是皇天上帝的神牌,,而前邊兩側的四個方形石臺上安放的則是八位祖先神主,還有東西配殿用來存放從祀神位,。而皇穹宇三個字也分別代表了至高無上,,天,宇宙的意思,,更加顯示出它的神圣和至尊。
它是一座建筑藝術價值非常高的殿宇,,總體呈圓形,下邊是高2.85米的圓形須彌座,,為青白石筑成,有東南西三個方向的出陛,,也就是臺階,,而在南向出陛還有二龍戲珠的丹陛石,。上邊是藍色筒瓦單檐攢尖鎏金寶頂。而在殿內(nèi)還有八根檐柱和八根金柱,,大殿上架沒有橫梁承托,全都是靠各類斗拱層層上疊來支撐,,步步收縮,,從而形成了精美的穹隆圓頂。這里邊還運用了物理學中的杠桿原理,。這組建筑不僅十分精美,而且還有回音壁和三音石,,這和剛才我們說的天心石合稱天壇三大聲學現(xiàn)象?;匾舯诰褪腔蜀酚畹耐鈮Γ瑖鷫ㄔ斓哪ゴu對縫,,十分的平滑,,是很好的聲音載體,,可以傳聲,,在傳遞途中對聲音損失極小,,只要對著墻說話,就算相隔四五十米,,見不到面,都可以清晰的聽到對方說話,。而三音石則是皇穹宇大殿正前方的三塊石頭,您站在第一塊石頭上拍手可以聽到一次回音,,第二塊石頭可以聽到兩次,而第三塊就可以聽到三次回音,,所以稱為三音石。在后來也有人把它叫做三才石,,取天地人三才的意思,。
也許您剛才就已經(jīng)注意到了,天壇有非常多的柏樹,,不錯,它就好像北京一個天然的氧吧,。而在這許多古柏當中,,有一株500余歲的檜柏,,就是回音壁西墻外的這棵九龍柏。它的樹干紋理非常的奇特,,布滿了溝壑,,而且旋轉扭曲,好像9條蟠龍纏繞嬉戲,,所以叫它九龍柏真是一點也不過分。
在游覽過了圜丘壇和皇穹宇之后,,我們就即將走進祈谷壇了,而現(xiàn)在我們腳下連接兩個祭壇的就是丹陛橋,,也叫做海墁大道,,而它也是皇帝登上祈谷壇的唯一通道,長360米,,橋面上分為三條道,,中間的是神道,,東邊是御道,,西邊的就是王道,。而它作為通道為什么又要稱為橋呢?這有兩種說法,,一種是說路面南低北高,,步步高升,,好像與天相連接的橋;而另一種就是說路面下邊建有進牲門,,類似立交橋,,所以稱之為橋,。說到進牲門,,就是在祭祀前,牛羊都要通過橋下的一個券門被趕到500米外的宰牲亭宰殺,,制成供品,,所以這個通道也被叫做鬼門關,,因為一進去就有死無生了。
現(xiàn)在我們從祈谷壇的東門出來,,可以看到一條連檐通脊的長廊,共有七十二間,,俗稱七十二連房,,它不僅用來連接神廚神庫,而且也是祭祀時運送祭品的通道,,在長廊的東頭,就是宰牲亭,,就是前面所說過了鬼門關的牲畜要道這里來屠宰。而在長廊的東南方向,,有八塊巨大的青石,稱為七星石,,都是風水鎮(zhèn)石,??墒沁@里命名有八塊石頭為什么叫七星呢?原來明代在這里放的的確是七塊石頭,,而最小的那一塊則是清代增添上的。關于七星石的說法每個朝代都不同,。在明代,,有個道士和皇帝說祈年殿的方位不好,不利于國家,,所以就在這里放了象征著北斗七星的七塊石頭。而在清代,,康熙皇帝為了給滿族愛新覺羅氏尋找從東北如主中原的理論依據(jù),,就派人考察山脈,,發(fā)現(xiàn)泰山是長白山的余脈,,所以就在原來七塊石頭的東北方有放了一小塊兒青石,象征東北長白山,,如果按這種說法,那八塊石頭就應該叫做七峰東岳,。
暫且不管他們怎么定論了,。今天的觀光游覽就要結束了,在天壇的這段時光希望能成為您北京之游中的永恒記憶,。同時也請您把天壇的祝福帶給您的家人朋友,。