每個(gè)人都曾試圖在平淡的學(xué)習(xí)、工作和生活中寫一篇文章。寫作是培養(yǎng)人的觀察,、聯(lián)想,、想象、思維和記憶的重要手段,。范文怎么寫才能發(fā)揮它最大的作用呢？下面我給大家整理了一些優(yōu)秀范文，希望能夠幫助到大家,，我們一起來(lái)看一看吧。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀題篇一
directions:forthispart,youareallowuldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
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partiilisteningcomprehension(30minutes)
sectionanewsreport
directions：inthissection,ndofeachnewsreport,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda),，b),，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.a)thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.
b)thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.
c)thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.
d)thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.
2.a)workingconditions.
b)educationalsystem.
c)inadequatepay.
d)culturalbias.
questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.a)hefelloutofalifeboat.
b)hewasalmostdrowned.
c)helosthiswayonabeach.
d)heenjoyedswimminginthesea.
4.a)thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.
b)thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.
c)theemergencyservicesareefficient.
d)thebeachisapopulartouristresort.
questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.a)itclimbed25storeysatonego.
b)itbrokeintoanofficeroom.
c)itescapedfromalocalzoo.
d)itbecameanonlinestar.
6.a)releaseitintothewild.
b)returnittoitsowner.
c)senditbacktothezoo.
d)giveitaphysicalcheckup.
7.a)aracooncanperformactsnohumancan.
b)aracooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.
c)theracoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.
d)theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.
sectionbconversation
directions：inthissection,tchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda),，b),，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.a)shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.
b)shegotawell-payingjobinabank.
cshereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.
d)shegotapayraiseforherperformance.
9.a)twodecadesago.
b)severalyearsago.
c)justlastmonth.
d)rightaftergraduation.
10.a)hesentasmallchecktohisparents.
b)hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.
c)hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.
d)heimmediatelydepositeditinabank.
11.a)joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.
b)visitherformeruniversitycampus.
c)buysomeprofessionalclothes.
d)budgethersalarycarefully.
questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.a)hehasjusttoomanythingstoattendto.
b)hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.
c)hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.
d)hehasjustquarreledwithhisgirlfriend.
13.a)turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.
b)giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.
c)thinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.
d)seekadvicefromhisfamilyandadvisor.
14.a)hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.
b)heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.
c)helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.
d)hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.
15.a)theyneedtimetomakepreparations.
b)theyhaventstartedtheircareersyet.
c)theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.
d)theyhaventwontheirparentsapproval.
sectioncpassage
directions：inthissection,ndofeachpassage,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda),，b),，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.a)expressingideasandopinionsfreely.
b)enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.
c)acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.
d)usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.
17.a)travelingtodifferentplacesintheworld.
b)playinggamesthatchallengeonesmind.
c)improvingmind-readingstrategies.
d)readingclassicscientificliterature.
18.a)participateindebatesordiscussions.
b)exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.
c)discardpersonalbiasesandprejudices.
d)giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.
questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.a)whydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofhumans.
b)thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.
c)thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.
d)howdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithhumans.
20.a)theybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyways.
b)theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.
c)theycanrespondtohumansquestions.
d)theycanfallinlovejustlikehumans.
21.a)theystaywithonepartnerforlife.
b)theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.
c)theyexperiencetrueromanticlove.
d)theyhelphumansinvariousways.
questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.a)arareanimal.
b)ahistoricalsite.
c)acowbone.
d)apreciousstone.
23.a)datingit.
b)preservingit.
c)measuringit.
d)identifyingit.
24.a)thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.
b)theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.
c)theboysfamilyhadactedcorrectly.
d)thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.
25.a)conductamoredetailedsearch.
b)asktheuniversitytorewardjude.
c)searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.
d)seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.
partiiireadingcomprehension(40minutes)
sectiona
directions:inthissection,requiredtoselectonewordfomarkthecnotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
finally,reonaplanewithasickpassenger,the__26__ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory（呼吸道）chersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample--oronerowinerpassengershadonlyavery__28__chanceofgettingsick,eportshavenotnecessarilypresented__29ore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless__30__tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.
priortothenewstudy,littlewasknownabouttherisksofgetting__31__infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,,to__32__therisksofinfection,earchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson__34__sideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisinspanidual,dalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.
a)accurate
b)conclusion
c)directly
d)either
e)evaluate
f)explorations
g)flights
h)largely
i)nearby
j)respond
k)slim
l)spread
m)summit
n)vividly
o)vulnerable
sectionb
directions:inthissection,atementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofththequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2.
isbreakfastreallythemostimportantmealoftheday?
a)alongwitholdclassicslike"carrotsgiveyounightvision"and"santadoesntbringtoystomisbehavingchildren",，oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftireusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake,evenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheukeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtothebritishdieteticassociation,andaroundthree-quartersofamericans.
b)"thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,"explainsdietspecialistsarahelder."eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,aswellasmakeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight."butthereswidespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchy（等級(jí)）avebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustrysinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch--andevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis"dangerous",。
c)whatsthereality?isbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompanies?themostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)isstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(bmi)earchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiet--sincebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfibreandnutrients.
d)butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecause--orout,researchersdesignethesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhadbreakfast,eyfoundwasthatitwasntbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.
e)ifbreakfastaloneisntaguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandbreakfast-skipping?alexandrajohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheuniversityofaberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth."therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,"shesays.
f)a2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis"limitedevidence"supportingorrefuting（反駁）theargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.
g)researchesfromtheuniversityofsurreyanduniversityofaberdeenarehalfwaythroughresearchlongbreakfasthasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskoftype2diabetesinmen,anda20%sonmaybebreakfastsnutritionalvalue--partlybecausecerealisfortified（增加營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值）tudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleintheuk,researchersfoundthatthefibravebeensimilarfindingsinaustralia,brazil,canadaandtheus.
h)breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,wof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,r,oneofthereviewsresearchers,marybethspitznagel,saysthereis"reasonable"evidencebreakfastdoesimproveconcentration--therejustneedstobemoreresearch."lookingatstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwasexactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobenefit,"shesays."andnostudiesfoundthateatingbreakfastwasbadforconcentration."
i)whatsmostimportant,someargue,-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingthelongingforfoodandconsumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheauerealremainsafirmfavouriteamongbreakfastconsumersintheukandus,arecentinvestigationintothesugarcontentofadultbreakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthree-quartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwasthesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.
j)butsomeresearchsuggestsifweregoingtoeatsugaryfoods,dyrecruited200obeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalfaddeddesserttotheirbreakfast,hoaddeddessertlostanaverageof40poundsmore--however,wof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsensusyetonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier,andconcludedthatthetypeofbreakfastdoesntmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.
k)whiletheresnoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwerehungry."breakfastismostimportantforpeoplewhoarehungrywhentheywakeup,"johnstonesays."eachbodystartsthedaydifferently--andthoseinspanidualdifferencesneedtoberesearchedmoreclosely,"spitznagelsays."abalancedbreakfastisreallyhelpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleavebloodsugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels,"sayselder."breakfastisnttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright."
ingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessofnutritionandhealth.
ientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodatbreakfast.
nsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.
eenfoundthatnotcatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertaindiseasesinsomecountries.
chersfounditwasachangeineatinghabitsratherthanbreakfastitselfthatinducedweightloss.
oneselfhealthy,eatingbreakfastismoreimportantthanchoosingwhattoeat.
delyconsideredwrongnottoeatbreakfast.
searchisneededtoprovethatbreakfastisrelatedtoweightlossorfoodintake.
ewhoprioritisebreakfaststendtohavelowercaloriebuthighernutritionalintake.
udiesrevealthateatingbreakfasthelpspeoplememoriseandconcentrate.
sectionc
directions:inthissection,epassageisreadforthefirsttime，epassageisreadforthesecondtime,，yy,，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
passageone
questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
textbooksrepresentan11billiondollarindustry,upfrom$okpublisherpearsonisthelargestpublisher--ofanykind--intheworld.
itcostsabout$mantextbookwillhavedozensofcontributors,fromsubject-matterexpertsthrokpublishersconnectprofessors,instructorsandstudentsinwaysthatalternatives,suchasopene-textbooksandopeneducationalresources,nnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.
itistruethattextbookpublishershaverecentlyreportedlosses,scanbechalkeduptotheexcessivelyhighcostoftheirbooks--whichhasincreasedover1,sdoesnotmeantheendofthetextbookitself.
whiletheymaynotbeasdynamicasanipad,mple,overthecenturies,theyhavesimulated（模擬）1800tothepresentday,textbookshavedonethisbyposingquestionsforstudentstoanswerinductively（歸納性地）,。thatmeansstudentsareaskedtouspsychologytexts,forexample,ask:"howmuchofyourpersonalitydoyouthinkyouinherited?"whileonesinphysicssay:"howcanyoupredictwheretheballyoutossedwillland?"
expertsobservethat"textbookscomeinlayers,somethinglikeanonion."foranactivelearner,"customize"ghting,post-itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.
esthepassagesayaboutopeneducationalresources?
a)theycontributetoteachingasmuchastolearning.
b)theydontprofitasmuchastraditionaltextbooksdo.
c)theycantconnectprofessorsandstudentsastextbooksdo.
d)theycompetefercelyforcustomerswithtextbookproducers.
themaincauseofthepublisherslosses?
a)failuretomeetstudentneed.
b)industryrestructuring.
c)emergenceofe-books.
d)fllingsales.
esthetextbookindustryneedtodo?
a)reformitsstructures.
b)cutitsretailprices.
c)findreplacementsforprintedtextbooks.
d)changeitsbusinessstrategyperiodically.
estudentsexpectedtodointhelearningprocess?
a)thinkcarefullybeforeansweringeachquestion.
b)askquestionsbasedontheirownunderstanding.
c)answerquestionsusingtheirpersonalexperience.
d)giveanswersshowingtheirrespectivepersonality.
expertssayaboutstudentsusingtextbooks?
a)theycandigitalizetheprintseasily.
b)theycanleaminaninteractiveway.
c)theycanpurchasecustonizedversions.
d)theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.
passagetwo
questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
whenwethinkofanimalsandplants,wehaveaprettygoodwayofspanidingthemintotwodistinctgroups:onec,thosespanidinglinescomecrashingdownwiththediscoveryofaseaslug（海蛞蝓）ttyincrediblehowithasmanagedtohijackthegenesofthealgae（藻類）onwhichitfeeds.
theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigment（色素）inplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,mkleptoplastyisusedtodescrar,thisgreenseaslugistheonlyknownanimalthatcanbetrulyconsideredsolar-powered,ientistshavestudiedthegreenseaslugstoconfirmthattheyareactuallyabletocreateenergyfromsunlight.
infact,theslugsusetabiesretaintheabilitytoproducetheirownchlorophyll,thoughtheycantgenerateenergyfromsunlightuntiltheyveeatenenoughalgaetostealthenecessarygenes,whichtheycantyetproduceontheirown.
"theresnowayonearththatgenesfromanalgashouldworkinsideananimalcell,"sayssidneypiercefromtheuniversityofsouthflorida."andyethere,methinghappenstotheirfoodsource,theyhaveawayofnotstarvingtodeathuntiltheyfindmorealgaetoeat."
theseaslugsaresogoodatgatheringenergyftalltheirnutritionalneedsmetbythegenesthattheyvehijackedfromthealgae.
thedistinctivefeatureofaseaslug?
a)itlookslikebothaplantandananimal.
b)itconvertssomeseaanimalsintoplants.
c)itliveshalfonanimalsandhalfonplants.
d)itgetsenergyfrombothfoodandsunlight.
ablestheseaslugtolivelikeaplant?
a)thegenesitcapturesfromtheseaplantalgae.
b)themechanismbywhichitconservesenergy.
c)thenutrientsithjacksfromotherspecies.
d)thegreenpigmentitinberitsfromitsancestors.
estheauthorsayaboutbabyseaslugs?
a)theycanlivewithoutsunlightforalongtime.
b)theycanabsorbsunlightrightaftertheirbirth.
c)theycansurvivewithoutalgacforquitesometime.
d)theycanproducechlorophylontheirown.
essidneypiercesayaboutgenesfomanalga?
a)theyarestolenfromanimalsliketheseaslug.
b)theycantfunctionunlessexposedtosunlight.
c)theydontusuallyfunctioninsideanimalcells.
d)theycanreadilybeconvertedtoscasluggencs.
welearnaboutseaslugsfromthepassage?
a)theybehavethewaymostplantspeciesdo.
b)theycansurviveformonthswithouteating.
c)theywillturnintoplantswhentheymature.
d)theywillstarvetodeathwithoutsunlight.
partivtranslation(30minutes)
directions:forthispart,uldwriteyouransweronanswersheet2.
中國(guó)的家庭觀念與其文化傳統(tǒng)有關(guān),。和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羨慕。過(guò)去四代同堂并不少見(jiàn)。由于這個(gè)傳統(tǒng),，許多年輕人婚后繼續(xù)與父母同住,。今天，這個(gè)傳統(tǒng)正在改變,。隨著住房條件的改善,，越來(lái)越多年輕夫婦選擇與父母分開(kāi)住。但他們之間的聯(lián)系仍然很密切,。許多老年人仍然幫著照看孫輩,。年輕夫婦也抽時(shí)間探望父母，特別是在春節(jié)和中秋節(jié)等重要節(jié)日,。
四級(jí)真題參考答案（完整版）
partiwriting
dearmike,
howseverythinggoing?lasttitingtorecommendaplacetoyou--theconfuciusinstitute,anestablishedlanguagecenteraimedtopromotechineselanguageandculture.
y,thischinesegovernment-fundededucationalinstituteisstaffedbythemostexperienced,professionalchineseteachers,turntothemwhenly,studentsthereareencouragedtotakepartinactivitiesrangingfrommakingtraditionalfoodtolearningclligraphy,s,ansyouarentaloneasabeginnerandwillprobablyforgedeepfriendshipswithotherlearmers.
lieveyoullfindyourselfhavingfunwhileimprovingyourchineseproficiency.
bestwishes,
lihua
partⅱlisteningcomprehension
1.a
2.d
3.b
4.c
5.d
6.a
7.c
8.c
9.a
10.b
11.a
12.c
13.d
14.d
15.b
16.d
17.b
18.a
19.b
20.d
21.a
22.c
23.b
24.c
25.a
partiiireadingcomprehension
26-35：blkaocegdh
36-45：eibgdjafch
46-55：cdacbdadcb
partivtranslation
otuncingtothetradition,,ingconditionsimprove,ngcouplestaketimetovisittheirparents,especiallyduringimportantfestivalssuchasthespringfestivalandthemid-autumnfestival.
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀題篇二
1,、 as the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃。 （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。主句為 the ocean temperatures rise,。as 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)causing…作伴隨狀語(yǔ),。as much as是比較結(jié)構(gòu),，意為“和……一樣”。
隨著信風(fēng)強(qiáng)度的減弱,，海洋溫度升高,，導(dǎo)致了秘魯寒流從東部流入，溫度上升了5攝氏度,。
2 ,。the interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。句子主干為 the system was launched and has been hailed,。介詞as 在這里意為“作為,，當(dāng)作”。
州際公路體系最終在1956年開(kāi)建,，并被稱道為那個(gè)世紀(jì)最偉大的工程之一,。
3、 he says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。句子主干為he says…,。says 后接賓語(yǔ)從句,。it 作形式主語(yǔ),，該結(jié)構(gòu)it + takes + （sb.） some time + to do sth.表示“（某人）……花費(fèi)時(shí)間做……”。using a bare minimum of tools 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ),。
他聲稱自己可以花幾分鐘就能教會(huì)一個(gè)新手用最少的幾樣工具偷到一輛車,。
4、 but hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. （2006年6月）
本句為并列復(fù)合句。句子主干為hancock says…,。 says 后是省略 that 的賓語(yǔ)從句,。從句中it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的`主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列的 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,。
但是 hancock 說(shuō)問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵還在于交流的內(nèi)容有沒(méi)有被記錄,，有沒(méi)有被重讀的可能性，是否即時(shí)發(fā)生,。
5,、 if you are submitting your resume in english, find out if the recipient（收件人） uses british english or american english because there are variations between the two versions.（2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句。主句為find out…,。第一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,，表示“如果”；第二個(gè)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,，表示“是否”,，相當(dāng)于whether；because后說(shuō)明原因,。
【譯文】如果你提交的是英文簡(jiǎn)歷,，需要了解收件人使用的是英式英語(yǔ)還是美式英語(yǔ)，因?yàn)檫@兩種說(shuō)法存在差別,。
6,、 it starts in the pacific ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds（信風(fēng)）， which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. （2006年6月）
本句為并列復(fù)合句,。主句為it starts in the pacific ocean and is thought to be caused by…winds,。which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 failure,。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)driven by these winds是the ocean currents的后置定語(yǔ),。
這種現(xiàn)象首先出現(xiàn)在太平洋，并且被認(rèn)為是由于信風(fēng)引起的,，信風(fēng)會(huì)對(duì)洋流產(chǎn)生影響,。
7、 a government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress soon passed the federal-aid highway act of 1944, which called strict, centrally controlled design criteria. （2006年6月）
本句為并列復(fù)合句,。主句為a government study recommended…,， and congress soon passed the…act of 1944。 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,，修飾 federal-aid highway act of 1944,。
一份政府研究報(bào)告建議在全國(guó)范圍建設(shè)總長(zhǎng)33920英里的公路，國(guó)會(huì)很快就通過(guò)了1944年聯(lián)邦支持公路的法案,，這項(xiàng)法案規(guī)定了嚴(yán)格的中央控制的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),。
8,、 traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。句子主干為 system and methods influenced construction and were invaluable,。第二個(gè)and連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ),。developed under the interstate program 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾 systems和methods,。
在州際公路項(xiàng)目下發(fā)展的交通控制系統(tǒng)以及建筑方式很快影響到了世界范圍公路的建設(shè),，并為改善城市街道和交通模式起到了重要作用。
9,、 by opening the north american continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為highways have enabled…to reach people, spurred the growth, and provided people with options。by opening the north american continent 是方式狀語(yǔ),。
通過(guò)開(kāi)通北美洲路線,，公路使得消費(fèi)品和服務(wù)能夠到達(dá)住在邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們那里，刺激周邊地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,，為人們提供更多選擇,，如工作、文化活動(dòng),、保健及其他福利,。
10、 the technological advances made it possible for the middle classes to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。句子主干為technological advances made it possible to enjoy…,。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是to enjoy what had once been affordable only to the very rich,。what 引導(dǎo)的從句作enjoy的賓語(yǔ),。possible 是made的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
技術(shù)上的進(jìn)步使中產(chǎn)階級(jí)也能享受到那些原來(lái)只有有錢人才負(fù)擔(dān)得起的東西,。
11,、 his results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in vienna, austria, in april, have surprised psychologists. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。句子主干為 results have surprised psychologists,。to be presented…in april 是不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),，修飾 results。
他的研究結(jié)果令一些心理學(xué)家非常吃驚,，他將在四月份奧地利維也納舉行的人機(jī)互動(dòng)交流大會(huì)上為大家展現(xiàn),。
12、 and economics, with its emphasis on incentives,，provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。句子主干為economics provides guideposts。介詞短語(yǔ) with its emphasis on incentives 是 economics 的伴隨狀語(yǔ),，分隔了主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,，修飾 guideposts,。why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,，作 explanation for 的賓語(yǔ)。
因?yàn)楸旧韽?qiáng)調(diào)激勵(lì)作用,，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)對(duì)于大多數(shù)女孩被剝奪受教育權(quán)利的原因作出了解釋,。
13、 many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women — ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work — still need to be done by someone. （2006年12月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。句子主干為 jobs need to be done,。 that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 jobs,。 ranging from…to…voluntary work 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),，也修飾 jobs。
許多過(guò)去主要由婦女做的家務(wù)活,，例如購(gòu)物,、準(zhǔn)備晚飯,、做義務(wù)家務(wù),，現(xiàn)在仍然需要有人完成。
14,、 in fact, new york’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity. （2006年12月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為 water was called the champagne and considered the best。 for more than a century 是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),。
【實(shí)際上一個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來(lái),，紐約的市政水一直被稱為自來(lái)水中的香檳，而且直到現(xiàn)在也被認(rèn)為是世界上味道最好,、最純凈的水,。
15、 girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school — the prophecy（預(yù)言） becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle（惡性循環(huán)） of neglect. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。主句是破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容,，前面則是prophecy的同位語(yǔ)從句。該從句包含一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句,，其中又嵌套一個(gè)than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句,，省略了從句謂語(yǔ)。trapping是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ),。
所以,，與男孩相比，女孩被認(rèn)為沒(méi)有用處而只能待在家里做家務(wù),，而她們的兄弟卻被送去讀書——這樣的預(yù)言正如預(yù)期的那樣成為了現(xiàn)實(shí),，使女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán),。
16、 interest in pursuing international careers has soared in recent years, enhanced by chronic（長(zhǎng)久的） personnel shortages that are causing companies to search beyond their home borders for talent. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。句子主干為 interest has soared,。過(guò)去分詞 enhanced 作定語(yǔ)，修飾 interest,，表示被動(dòng),。that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 shortages,。
近幾年來(lái),，由于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的人員緊缺，許多公司都跨出國(guó)界尋求人才,，從而使得人們到海外尋求工作的熱情和興趣日益高漲,。
17、 variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use and the nature of the underlying soil. （2006年6月）
本句是簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為 variables included…,。并列結(jié)構(gòu) the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use和 the nature of the underlying soil是included 的賓語(yǔ)。
變數(shù)包括土地的坡度,、人行道所能支撐的承受力,、道路使用密集度以及下方土地的性質(zhì)。
18,、 long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as hale boggs in louisiana and the sunshine skyway in florida, and remarkable tunnels like fort mchenry in maryland and mt. baker in washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為 bridges and tunnels met challenges。long-span, segmented-concrete和 cable-stayed是三個(gè)并列的合成形容詞作bridges的定語(yǔ),。such as和like表示舉例說(shuō)明,。
跨度大、混凝土分割,、電纜遍布的大橋,，如路易斯安那州的黑爾伯格，佛羅里達(dá)州的陽(yáng)光大道,；還有著名的隧道,，如馬里蘭州的福特馬克亨利，華盛頓州的貝克山,，這些建筑的建設(shè)都遇到了許多國(guó)內(nèi)自然條件的挑戰(zhàn),。
19、 not only has the highway system affected the american economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. （2006年6月）
本句為并列句,。句子主干為not only has the highway system affected the economy, it has led to the growth,。not only…but also 句型屬并列結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“不僅……而且”,，but also 可以省略,。 not only 在句首,，句子謂語(yǔ)要用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。
公路系統(tǒng)不但通過(guò)提供運(yùn)輸路線影響美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,，還帶動(dòng)了一批諸如加油站,、汽車旅館、酒店,、購(gòu)物中心等相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展,。
20,、 an educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為mother has abilities and faces choices。on the other hand是插入結(jié)構(gòu),，分隔了主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),，意為“另一方面”。
從另一方面來(lái)講,，一位受過(guò)教育的母親,，有更多在外賺錢的本事，并且能面對(duì)一系列完全不同的選擇,。
21,、 when we designed america’s first so-called “green” office building in new york two decades ago, we felt very alone. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句。主句為 we felt very alone,。when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,。
【譯文】二十年前，在紐約設(shè)計(jì)美國(guó)第一個(gè)所謂的“綠色”辦公大樓時(shí),，我們感到勢(shì)單力薄,。
22、 the “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為 buildings revealed problems,。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) constructed after the 1970s energy crisis 作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾buildings,；caused by materials 作后置定語(yǔ),，修飾 problems。注意,，過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ),，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。
20世紀(jì)70年代能源危機(jī)后建造的節(jié)能型封閉性商業(yè)建筑暴露出由油漆,、墻紙和地毯等材料引起的室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,。
23、 so for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句,。句子主干為 we’ve been focusing on these materials,。looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ),。
因此，二十年來(lái),，我們集中研究這些材料,，直至分子層面，以尋求方法使它們于人體和地球無(wú)害,。
24,、 “as sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says eric shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of axon sleep research laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea. （2006年6月）
本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。句子主干為“as sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it,” says eric shashoua,。介詞as意為“作為,，當(dāng)作”，后接名詞作狀語(yǔ),。what to do about it 作 of 的賓語(yǔ),。a recent college graduate and…research laboratories 是 eric shashoua 的同位語(yǔ)；a company created by the students to develop their idea是axon sleep research laboratories的同位語(yǔ),。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)created by the students to develop their idea 作后置定語(yǔ),，修飾 company。
“我們自己作為失眠的人,，開(kāi)始思考做些什么來(lái)消除失眠,，” eric shashoua 說(shuō)。eric 為應(yīng)屆大學(xué)畢業(yè)生,，現(xiàn)任由學(xué)生們?yōu)榘l(fā)展自己的理念而創(chuàng)辦的一家公司即axon睡眠研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室的首席執(zhí)行官,。
25、 the headband equipped with electrodes and microprocessor measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the same way as some machines used for medical and research purposes and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. （2006年6月）
本句為并列句,。句子主干為the headband measures the electrical activity and communicates with a clock unit,。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)equipped with electrodes and microprocessor作定語(yǔ)，修飾headband,。in much the same way…purposes是方式狀語(yǔ),。used for…purposes是后置定語(yǔ)，修飾machines,。
裝有電極和微處理器的頭帶與應(yīng)用于醫(yī)學(xué)和研究目的的一些機(jī)器原理相近,，測(cè)量佩戴者腦部電流活動(dòng)并將信息通過(guò)無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳達(dá)給床邊的鬧鐘。
26,、 ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “l(fā)ess bad” but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again. （2006年6月）
本句為復(fù)合句,。句子主干為our basic design strategy is focused not on being “l(fā)ess bad” but on creating healthful materials。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,，修飾materials,。however 意為“然而”，是插入成分。not…but…意為“不是……而是……”,，連接兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ),。either…or…意為“或者……或者……”，表示并列結(jié)構(gòu),。
然而最終,，我們的基本設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)不僅是簡(jiǎn)單地關(guān)注于“較低危害”，而是發(fā)明完全有益于健康的材料,，這種材料或可以無(wú)害地回歸土地,，或可以被工業(yè)重復(fù)利用。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀題篇三
partiwriting(30minutes)
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minuldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
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partiilisteningcomprehension(30minutes)
sectionanewsreport
directions：inthissection,ndofeachnewsreport,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda),，b),，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.a)manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.
b)awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.
c)sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.
d)awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.
2.a)itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.
b)itfounditswaybacktotheparkszoo.
c)itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.
d)itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.
questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.a)itisthelargestofitskind.
b)itisgoingtobeexpanded.
c)itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.
d)itisstaringanonlineexhibition.
4.a)acollectionofbirdfossilsfromaustralia.
b)photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.
c)someancientwallpaintingsfromaustralia.
d)picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.
questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.a)pickuptrash.
b)amusevisitors.
c)delivermessages.
d)playwithchildren.
6.a)theyareespeciallyintelligent.
b)theyarechildrensfavorite.
c)theyarequiteeasytotame.
d)theyarecleanandpretty.
7.a)childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.
b)childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.
c)childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.
d)childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.
sectionbconversation
directions：inthissection,tchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda),，b),，c)andd),。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.a)itwillbeproducedatharvarduniversity.
b)itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.
c)itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.
d)itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.
9.a)itwillbemorefuturistic.
b)itwillbemoresystematic.
c)itwillbemoreentertaining.
d)itwillbeeasiertounderstand.
10.a)peopleinterestedinscience.
b)youngsterseagertoexplore.
c)childrenintheirearlyteens.
d)studentsmajoringinscience.
11.a)offerprofessionaladvice.
b)providefinancialsupport.
c)helppromoteitontheinternet.
d)makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.
questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.a)unsure.
b)helpless.
c)concerned.
d)dissatisfied.
13.a)heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.
b)helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.
c)heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.
d)hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.
14.a)embarrassed.
b)unconcerned.
c)miserable.
d)resentful.
15.a)trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.
b)comparehispresentwithhispastonly.
c)alwayslearnfromothersachievements.
d)treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.
sectioncpassage
directions：inthissection,ndofeachpassage,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda),，b)，c)andd),。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.a)theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.
b)theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.
c)theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.
d)theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.
17.a)praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.
b)encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.
c)insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.
d)respondmorepositivelytoboyscomments.
18.a)offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.
b)provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.
c)placegreatemphasisontestscores.
d)payextraattentiontotopstudents.
questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.a)itoftenrainscatsanddogs.
b)itseldomrainsinsummertime.
c)itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.
d)itisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheus.
20.a)theydrivemostofthetime.
b)therainisusuallyverylight.
c)theyhavegotusedtotherain.
d)theraincomesmostlyatnight.
21.a)ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.
b)ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.
c)ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.
d)ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.
questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.a)itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.
b)itresultsfromexertingonesmusclescontinuously.
c)ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.
d)itcomesfromstainingonesmusclesinanunusualway.
23.a)bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.
b)bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.
c)theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.
d)theygraduallybecomefragmented.
24.a)aboutoneweek.
b)abouttwodays.
c)abouttendays.
d)aboutfourweeks.
25.a)applymusclecreams.
b)drinkplentyofwater.
c)haveahotshower.
d)takepain-killers.
partiiireadingcomprehension(40minutes)
sectiona
directions:inthissection,requiredtoselectonewordfomarkthecnotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?isafethingtodo,right?thebottleis__27__,andthelabelsays"purewater",。oustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld__29__microplastics?
thatstheconclusionofarecently__30__study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,icroplasticsincludeda__32__commonlyknownaspetandywasconductedatthestateuniversityofnewyorkonbehalfoforbmedia,millionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.
confrontedwiththis__34__,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingnetudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,less,theworldhealthorganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe__35__healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.
a)adequate
b)admiring
c)contains
d)defending
e)evidence
f)instant
g)liquid
h)modified
i)natural
j)potential
k)released
l)revealing
m)sealed
n)solves
o)substance
sectionb
directions:inthissection,atementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofththequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2.
makestuff,fail,andlearnwhileyoureatit
a)wevealwaysbeenahands-on,nklin,oneofamericasfoundingfathers,ationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.
b)franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasntreallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoamericanmakingandcreativity.
c)thepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofsiliconvalleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsofthehomebrewcomputerclub,whichwasfoundedinagarageinmenlopark,california,s-includingguysnamedjobsandwozniak-startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldntbuy.
d)soitsnosurprisethatthemakerisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoarenttiedtobigcompanies,erphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyjohndewey,montessori,andevenancientgreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.
e)thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,ermovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,ediscoveringdeweyandmontessoriandalotofthepspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,acewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou,relearningtodo.
f)ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromdeweyandmontessori,platoandaristotle,andintheamericancontext,ralphemerson,n,inasense,goalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,theworldoftesting.
g)learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,t-r,ghthereisaconnection,ferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasenllgoingtolearnaboutx,y,ndstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.
h)ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,,restedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.
i)insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize（使變得無(wú)足輕重）uaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthe;textbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thestraws,thecardboardtubes.
j)makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,etthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.
k)teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,ocialenvironment,eyhaveaproblem,tbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.
l)mes,topeople,reatingthisenvironment,yengaged?aretheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirproject?aretheystumbling（受挫）？dotheyneedsomethingthattheydonthave?canyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare?
m)mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,theknowledgethatisvaluable;reprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems-problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.
n)ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,amakerspaceismorelikealibraremstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,thansaying,"thisisscience,overhereishistory,"iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning?
o)ifeellikethisisashiftawayfromasubjellinitsearlystages,butithinkitsshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.
spaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.
chers,roleisenhancedinamakerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.
upwithanideaofonesownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconcep[]tofmaking.
tostructuredlearning,learningbydoingishighlyinspanidualized.
aisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.
willbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.
canberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.
horsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.
erconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.
isnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.
sectionc
directions:inthissection,epassageisreadforthefirsttime,，epassageisreadforthesecondtime,，yy，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
passageone
questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
professorashokgoelofgeorgiatechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,linecourseisacorerequiresorgoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasntenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.
manyudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,sorgoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedjillwatson,whichisbasedontheibmwatsonplatform.
goelandhisteamdevelopet,landhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindallthe40,omeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,jillwasabletoanswerthestudentsquestionscorrectly97%tualassistantbecadents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingdentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.
thegoalofprofessorgoelsvirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ejillwatsonwill,ofcourse,sorgoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,elonmusk,stephenhawking,billgatesorstevewozniak.
welearaboutknowledge-basedarificialitelligence?
a)itisarobotthatcananswerstudentsquestions.
b)itisacoursedesignedforstudentstoleamnonline.
c)itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.
d)itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentleaming.
oblemdidprofessorgoelmeetwith?
a)hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.
b)hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.
c)studentsquestionsweretoomanytohandle.
d)toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.
welearaboutjillwatson?
a)sheturnedouttobeagreatsucess.
b)shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.
c)shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.
d)shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.
thestudentsfeelaboutjillwatson?
a)theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.
b)theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.
c)theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.
d)theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.
esprofessorgoelplantodonextwithjillwatson?
a)launchdifferentversionsofheronline.
b)feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.
c)assignhertoanswermoreofstudentsquestions.
d)encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.
passagetwo
questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
thinkingsmall,beingengaging,reafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.
crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyistshavetriedtotapinternetdonors,too,isedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.
todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarmikesch?feroftheuniversityofzurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.
fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,ghsiteslikekickstartertakeallcomers,ther,theypresenttheprojectwthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sijectsincludedinthestudyraised$4,000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1,emoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.
otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaprojectssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientistspersonalandprofessionalnetworks,undingcanbepartofresearcherseffortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause"theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson"whoisdoingthefundraising—notnecessarilytothescience.
welearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects?
a)theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.
b)theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.
c)notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.
d)mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.
thepurposeofmikeschafersresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns?
a)tocreateatractivecontentforsciencewebsites.
b)toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.
c)tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.
d)toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.
aitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfiundingcampaign?
a)thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.
b)itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.
c)itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.
d)thevalueoftheproposedproject.
dtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowdfundingprojects?
a)theyshouldbesmalltobesucessful.
b)theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.
c)theyshouldbeassedwithgreatcare.
d)theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.
tivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign?
a)theeaseofaccesstothecontentofthewebpage.
b)theirdesiretocontributetothecauseofscience.
c)thesignificanceandinfluenceoftheprojectitself.
d)theirfeelingofconnectiontothescientiststhemselves.
partⅳtranslation(30minutes)
directions:forthispart,uldwriteyouransweronanswersheet2.
中國(guó)家庭十分重視孩子的教育,。許多父母認(rèn)為應(yīng)該努力工作，確保孩子受到良好教育,。他們不僅非常情愿為孩子的教育投資,，而且花很多時(shí)間督促他們學(xué)習(xí)。多數(shù)家長(zhǎng)希望孩子能上名牌大學(xué),。由于改革開(kāi)放,，越來(lái)越多的家長(zhǎng)能送孩子到國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)或參與國(guó)際交流項(xiàng)目，以拓寬其視野,。通過(guò)這些努力,，他們期望孩子健康成長(zhǎng)，為國(guó)家的發(fā)展和繁榮作出貢獻(xiàn),。
四級(jí)真題參考答案（完整版）
partⅰwriting
himark,
youmakeadecisionaboutyourprecisedestination,letmeintroducemyhometown,chongqing.
locatedinsouthwestchina,chongqingmaynotenjoyworldwidefameasmuchasbeijingorshanghai,gandlivinghere,alsareknownforbeingwarmandhospitable,re,teachingaforeignlanguageiceyouarealwayspraisedforyourkindnessandpatience,itshouldhardlybeanobstacleforyou.
anyway,iwillsupportandhelpyouasmuchaspossible,velivingandteachinginchinawillbeapleasantandmemorableexperienceforyou.
bestwishes,
liming
partⅱlisteningcomprehension
1.d
2.d
3.b
4.c
5.a
6.a
7.b
8.c
9.c
10.a
11.b
12.d
13.a
14.c
15.b
16.c
17.d
18.a
19.c
20.b
21.d
22.d
23.a
24.b
25.c
partiiireadingcomprehension
26-35：bmicklogej
36-45：eicgkfbjdh
46-55：bcadccbbad
partivtranslation
rentsholdthyaretheyperfectlywillingtoinvestintheirchildrenseducation,ochinasreformandopening-up,anincreasingnumberofparentscansendtheirchildrentostudyabroadorphtheseefforts,theyexpecttheirchildrengrowupstrongandhealthyandmakeacontributiontothenationsdevelopmentandprosperity.
