范文為教學(xué)中作為模范的文章,，也常常用來指寫作的模板。常常用于文秘寫作的參考,，也可以作為演講材料編寫前的參考,。那么我們?cè)撊绾螌懸黄^為完美的范文呢？以下是小編為大家收集的優(yōu)秀范文,，歡迎大家分享閱讀,。

科技英語翻譯感想篇一

摘要： 隨著各國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)交流的不斷深化，科技英語翻譯的任務(wù)也日益艱巨,。由于科技文章文體具有清晰,，準(zhǔn)確，精煉,，嚴(yán)密的特點(diǎn),，忠實(shí)性成為科技英語翻譯必須遵守的原則。要確保忠實(shí)性的實(shí)現(xiàn),，在翻譯過程中就應(yīng)遵循分析,，轉(zhuǎn)換和重構(gòu)的“三步走戰(zhàn)略”，使譯文具有可讀性,。

關(guān)鍵詞：翻譯 重視性原則 原文 譯文

翻譯有直譯和意譯之分,，直譯比較傾向于保持原文的結(jié)構(gòu)成分和意義的某些隱含成分；而意譯則注重意義的準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá),，如果必要,，可以不顧及原文的結(jié)構(gòu)成分和意義的某些隱含成分。鑒于科技英語文體的特點(diǎn),，進(jìn)行翻譯時(shí),，采用直譯方式居多，但并不排除意譯的使用,。無論是直譯還是意譯,，忠實(shí)是必須遵守的原則。

早在18實(shí)際末葉,，國(guó)外的著名翻譯理論家泰特勒在《翻譯的原則》一書中提出了著名的三原則;a,譯文應(yīng)完整地再現(xiàn)原文的思想內(nèi)容,；b，譯文的風(fēng)格,，筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同,；c，譯文應(yīng)該像原文一樣流暢自然,。他強(qiáng)調(diào)的是譯文與原文在思想,，風(fēng)格,，筆調(diào)，行文等方面的對(duì)等,，實(shí)質(zhì)上就是“忠實(shí)性”中“一致性”的反映,。這是忠實(shí)性最初也是最重要的階段。在進(jìn)行案例翻譯過程中,，譯者客觀地分了原文內(nèi)容,，也謹(jǐn)以科技文體要求。用中文再現(xiàn)了空氣三大污染物的來源及危害,。

但是在翻譯過程中,，譯者發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)原文做出的譯文有多處不符合漢語使用規(guī)范。意識(shí)到翻譯的忠實(shí)性不只停留在對(duì)原文的完全對(duì)等輸出狀態(tài),。翻譯時(shí)還應(yīng)考慮譯文讀者的接受力,，這樣譯文才有可讀性和可接受性?？萍加⒄Z文章大量使用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu),，廣泛使用被動(dòng)語句，常用前置性陳述,，但是漢語行文結(jié)構(gòu)中少有這樣的語法現(xiàn)象,。如果按原文結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯，譯文將有些句子主語缺失,，陳述對(duì)象前后不一致等弊病,。因此，譯者在翻譯過程中,，補(bǔ)全了原文缺失的主語,，賓語，以及意義,，對(duì)有些句子語序做了調(diào)整,，使其更符合漢語讀者的習(xí)慣。這樣的改動(dòng)是對(duì)原文更加充分的翻譯,，在表達(dá)清楚原文的基礎(chǔ)上,，又滿足了讀者的需求，使忠實(shí)性原則更加切合實(shí)際地體現(xiàn)了出來,。

既考慮島原文,，原作者，又顧及到譯文及讀者,，忠實(shí)性發(fā)展到這一階段已經(jīng)基本能滿足一般的翻譯需求了,。但不同的語言歸屬不同的語言，不同的文化背景，因此,，翻譯作為一種跨語言,，跨文化，跨社會(huì)的交際活動(dòng),，具有豐富多彩的內(nèi)容,。它既是一種技巧，又是一種藝術(shù),，是一種具有創(chuàng)造性和科學(xué)性的藝術(shù),。成功的翻譯作品必須與譯文所屬文化范疇相吻合，這尤其體現(xiàn)在文學(xué)翻譯作品中,。但做科技英語翻譯時(shí)，同樣需要考慮這點(diǎn),。盡管案例的文化色彩不是很重,，但譯者查閱了漢語中關(guān)于空氣污染物的相關(guān)文章，翻譯中采納了其中的一些定義,，便于讀者接受,。

綜上所述，通過思考科技英語翻譯中的忠實(shí)性原則,，在做案例翻譯時(shí),，結(jié)合“三步走戰(zhàn)略“和”忠實(shí)性“的三個(gè)層面，使譯文能更好地展現(xiàn)原文,，更放心地呈現(xiàn)給讀者,。

參考文獻(xiàn)： 韓其順 《科技英語的特點(diǎn)和翻譯》

泰特勒：《翻譯的原則》

科技英語翻譯感想篇二

寧波工程學(xué)院簡(jiǎn)介

（ningbo university of technology in profile）

寧波工程學(xué)院是一所由寧波市政府舉辦的全日制普通本科院校，前身寧波高等?？茖W(xué)校創(chuàng)建于1983年5月,。2004年5月升格更名為寧波工程學(xué)院。學(xué)校分東,、西兩個(gè)校區(qū),，占地面積1400多畝（西校區(qū)（翠柏路）300畝；東校區(qū)（風(fēng)華路）規(guī)劃1100多畝,，其中已建成約400畝）,，校舍建筑面積30萬平方米。現(xiàn)有11個(gè)二級(jí)學(xué)院,，27個(gè)本科專業(yè),。有教職工825人，在校全日制學(xué)生9429人,。ningbo university of technology is a full-time regular undergraduate program university which financed by ningbo municipal government,it was founded in may,1983 as ningbo polytechnic college which was upgraded and redesignated in may,2004.(east campus and west campus with total area of 1400mu and building area of 0.3 million square,the west camps at 208cuibai road ,the 400mu east camps at the fenghua road to be is constituted of 11schoolos ,27 undergraduate-programs, registering a staff of 825,full-time admission of 9429.學(xué)校綜合辦學(xué)條件良好,，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施齊備。現(xiàn)有教學(xué)儀器設(shè)備總值8989萬元,，館藏圖書117萬余冊(cè),。目前學(xué)校專任教師511人,，其中有碩士以上學(xué)位者297人，占58%,，博士67人,，占13%；副教授129人,，教授56人,，副高以上占36%，師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢(shì),。

nbut is well-equipped,in the value of 89890000rmb and a library of

1.17million university registers a faculty of 511,of whom 297 have obtained master degrees and over 67 doctor degrees,(58% and 13% of the total respectively),and whom 129 associate professors and 56 professors(36% of the total respectively),the construction of teaching resource shows a favorable development trend.學(xué)校以學(xué)科建設(shè)為龍頭,，以市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，精心設(shè)置專業(yè),，堅(jiān)持工科為主,，多學(xué)科協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。學(xué)校不斷提高專業(yè)建設(shè)水平,，辦好優(yōu)勢(shì)專業(yè),，扶植特色專業(yè)，全面實(shí)施“321教學(xué)質(zhì)量工程”?，F(xiàn)有省級(jí)重點(diǎn)學(xué)科1個(gè),，重點(diǎn)專業(yè)2個(gè)，精品課程5門,，省級(jí)示范基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,。

directed to the discipline building and market demand ,nbut attaches prime importance to program configuration with the focus upon engineering courses in cooperation with “321 teaching quality project” is underway,in support of advantaged and tly rated at provincial level is a parcel of fruits,a key note program,two key note major programs and five excellent courses,model basis laboratory.學(xué)校加強(qiáng)科研基地和隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，大力開展應(yīng)用性科技研究和發(fā)展,，現(xiàn)有科研機(jī)構(gòu)十余個(gè)2008年已獲國(guó)家級(jí)項(xiàng)目5項(xiàng),，省級(jí)項(xiàng)目14項(xiàng)；發(fā)表論文282篇,，其中三大檢索論文48篇,，cssci來源期刊論文14篇；實(shí)現(xiàn)專利轉(zhuǎn)讓2項(xiàng),。學(xué)校積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合,，科研成果的應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)化成效良好。

nbut provides an impetus to the growth of research basis under personal,in view of applied r&ble on the campuses are over ten research 2009 saw the research proceeds in the amount of over 40million rmb,three state natural science fund,5 pnsf projects ,the publication of 282 theses,of which 56 are retrieved into sci,ei and istp,and 14 into cssci,along with the transfer of two patents.2008年,，為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)學(xué)校與地方政府,、企業(yè)以及高等院校、科研院所之間的聯(lián)系與合作,，啟動(dòng)了“雙合作”工作,，初見成效。與鎮(zhèn)海區(qū)簽訂了全面科技合作協(xié)議；與中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院合作共建國(guó)際港口與物流研究中心,；與中國(guó)科學(xué)院寧波材料技術(shù)與工程研究所共建專業(yè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,。

the double coo-program/scheme was launched in 2008 to keep in close contact with the local government and the above-mentioned ents were signed covering all round science and technology cooperation with zhenhai district, the jointly-built international sea-ports and logistics research-canteen with china of society science, the jointly-built specialized lib with ningbo medical technology and engineering institute under china of science.學(xué)校以應(yīng)用開發(fā)型高級(jí)技術(shù)人才為培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，積極探索“知行合一,，雙核協(xié)同”的人才培養(yǎng)模式,。學(xué)校注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實(shí)踐能力，組織參加省級(jí)以上專業(yè)競(jìng)賽,，屢獲佳績(jī),。畢業(yè)生深受地方用人單位的歡迎，初次就業(yè)率一直保持在95%以上,。

aimed to cultivating the advanced technical talents in applied r&d,nbut is seeking after about the educational mode of knowledge and practice in “oneness” and “double-kernel link” students are encouraged to take part in the specialized competition at province level with outstanding tes are welcome to local first employment rate is kept over than 95%.學(xué)校廣泛開展對(duì)外合作,，借鑒國(guó)外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，強(qiáng)化外向型辦學(xué)特色,。1984年即與亞琛應(yīng)用科技大學(xué)結(jié)對(duì),，是全國(guó)四所中德合作研究院校之一。先后與澳大利亞,、德國(guó)等多國(guó)的大學(xué)建立校際合作關(guān)系并開展合作辦學(xué)、師生交流和合作研究,。學(xué)校設(shè)有寧高出國(guó)留學(xué)服務(wù)中心,。

nbut extensive corporation with the foreign university is early as 1984,nbut set up the sister relations with aachen applied te-university ranked among colleges in china for sino-german join educational ral have been earlier or later established with a dozen of universities australia、german and some other countries in regular of the degree program, exchanges of teacher and students , joint research o-s-s is attached nbut.學(xué)校全方位,、多層次構(gòu)建高格調(diào),、高水平、高質(zhì)量的校園文化,，著力塑造“知行合一”的辦學(xué)理念,，積極發(fā)揮環(huán)境育人的功能，努力營(yíng)造特色鮮明,、文明和諧,、健康向上的校園文化氛圍，全面提高學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì),。

due efforts are distributed to the educational mode” knowledge and practice in oneness,double-kernel link” in the hope of achieving a lofty advanced and harmonious campus culture and training the well-developed students.

科技英語翻譯感想篇三

形合和意合

1.昨天看電影我沒有買到好票,。

i did not buy good seat for movie last day.2.這個(gè)車間既做來料加工，又做來樣加工,。

this workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well.3.她在中國(guó)留學(xué)服務(wù)中心工作,。

she works at chinese service center for scholarly exchange.4.烤煙，蘋果,，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,，年產(chǎn)量3.12億元，占農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的52.5%。

cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan rmb, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values.5.可以預(yù)言,，鈦材在飛機(jī)或各種飛行器上的應(yīng)用將會(huì)與日俱增,，并且在其他工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用也會(huì)擴(kuò)大。it can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension.某種與其他疾病伴發(fā)的高血壓,，稱為繼發(fā)性高血壓

of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本節(jié)內(nèi)容如有更改,，均見本書末附錄。

8.一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物,，這種現(xiàn)象最早是巴斯德發(fā)現(xiàn)的,，他指出這可以用到醫(yī)療上去。

that a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use.英漢句子中心的差異

1.他們培育出的細(xì)胞看上去像胚胎干細(xì)胞,，這的確令人驚訝,。

it’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells.2.1968年12月阿波羅8號(hào)宇宙飛船上那些想家的宇航員們?cè)谔张南铝苏麄€(gè)地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出現(xiàn)了第一個(gè)地球日,，這絕非是歷史的偶然,。

it’s no accident of history that the first earth day in april 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the apollo 8 mission to the moon december 1968.3.你們已經(jīng)取得了進(jìn)步，對(duì)此我毫不懷疑,。

there has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved.4.由于貴國(guó)政府的提議,，才得以這樣快的重新實(shí)現(xiàn)訪問，這使我感到特別高興,。

i was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.5.由于現(xiàn)代世界的發(fā)展和近年來在單門學(xué)科狹窄前沿上的研究進(jìn)展,，出現(xiàn)一些極其復(fù)雜的難題,，單憑一兩人的力量是無法對(duì)它們進(jìn)行透徹研究的,。

one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6.這種小型熱帶魚由于具有自行修復(fù)受損和患病的眼部細(xì)胞的獨(dú)特能力,，長(zhǎng)期以來一直為科學(xué)家所關(guān)注。the tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes.7.不努力就不會(huì)成功,。

one can never succeed without making great efforts.8.想到要出國(guó)深造,，他激動(dòng)不已。

he felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.9.如蒙早日寄來樣品或產(chǎn)品冊(cè),，將不勝感激,。

i would appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forward to us.10.如能盡早回復(fù)，我將非常感謝,。

i would appreciated it if you can reply as soon as possible.11.他本來在天津開會(huì),，會(huì)議一結(jié)束，他就上北京去度假了,，昨天才坐飛機(jī)回來,。

he had flown yesterday from beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize the error.為保證最大的分辨率必須選用薄層，為使誤差最小必須選用厚層,，實(shí)際上要權(quán)衡一下來選擇厚度,。

13.在自然界找不到處于游離狀態(tài)的鋁,，因?yàn)檫@種金屬總是和其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最普遍是跟氧結(jié)合（鋁和氧都有很強(qiáng)的親和力）,。所以,，鋁直到十九世紀(jì)才被人類發(fā)現(xiàn)。

aluminum remained unknown until 19th century, because no free aluminum can be found in the nature, due to the metal can connected with other elements, most commonly with oxygen for aluminum and oxygen having strong was to test the effect of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clipping from toenails, where heavy metal tend to be deposited.重金屬通常是富集在指甲內(nèi),，于是兩項(xiàng)新的研究比較了腳趾甲剪取物中的汞水平,，以此來考察對(duì)比心臟的影響。

英漢語序差異

1.人體t細(xì)胞白血病病毒：human t-cell leukemia virus 2.國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序：a new international economic order 3.第五屆全國(guó)化學(xué)生物學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議：the 5th national conference on chemical biology academy of sciences：國(guó)家科學(xué)院

ew of gmp, quality system and compliance in the us：美國(guó)的gmp和質(zhì)量體系合規(guī)性概觀

side effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer：治療癌癥的化療藥的一般副作用 7.這個(gè)通信衛(wèi)星可以在任何時(shí)間向任何地點(diǎn)有效的傳遞語音信號(hào)和數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào),。

the communications satellite can send voice signal and data signal to any place at anytime.8.昨天在真空中進(jìn)行了這個(gè)反應(yīng),。

the reaction is carried out in a vacuum yesterday.9.中國(guó)南京江寧區(qū)龍眠大道639號(hào)。

639 longmian avenue, jiangning district, nanjing, china the gene is activated, mice exhibit symptoms that mimic depression.基因被激活,，小鼠表現(xiàn)出抑郁的癥狀,。

1 temperature is between 20-25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured.無論什么時(shí)候測(cè)量，實(shí)驗(yàn)室的溫度都保持在20-25度之間,。12.無論出于固態(tài),，液態(tài)或氣態(tài)，水的化學(xué)成分都保持不變,。

the chemical constituents of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous -tof-ms is a rapid and sensitive proteomic technique that has been applied to identify biomarkers in various diseases.14.由于甜椒中的親脂性成分,，用極性洗脫液洗脫的甜椒樣品表現(xiàn)出更高的生物活性。

the sweet pepper samples eluted with polar eluents exerted high bioactivity due to their lipophilic component.15.該項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)則隨后成為了全球公認(rèn)的評(píng)價(jià)口服固體劑型均勻度的非藥典測(cè)量方法,。

動(dòng)態(tài),，靜態(tài)及名詞化

1． 地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化,。

the rotation of earth its axis causes the change from day to night.2． 采用這種新裝置可以大大降低廢品率,。

the adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3． 為使物體克服慣性而運(yùn)動(dòng),，就需要一個(gè)力,。a force is needed to move an object against inertia.4． 許多學(xué)貫中西的大師的經(jīng)歷證明，學(xué)不好母語的人,，也不可能真正學(xué)好外語,。

the experience of many great master well versed in the learning of both chinese and western cultures have shown that without a mastery of his native language, it is impossible for one to be truly at home with a foreign language.增詞減詞 增詞

the football match, he’s got an important said he’d come to the job was sweeping, scratching, cleaning.4.i could knit when i was typewriter is indeed cheap and e of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale, normally using steam as the heat ion will make iron and steel an el nino the pressures over australia, indonesia and the philippines are higher than normal, which results in dry conditions or even droughts.re there no gravity, there would be no air around the sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons, neutrons and is a mixture of in the universe are changing all the c bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’ can be changed into energy and energy into earth’s population is doubling, the environment is being damaged.1 chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects.減詞

1.由于失業(yè)率增高，美元幣值下降,，股票市場(chǎng)處于困境之中,，經(jīng)濟(jì)問題將是總統(tǒng)所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。with high unemployment, the low dollar and the distr stock market, the economy will be the president’s trail.2.你參加過花樣滑冰項(xiàng)目的比賽嗎,？

3.陽光會(huì)破壞牛奶一類食品的維生素成分,。

4.我們已經(jīng)從其他國(guó)家有計(jì)劃有選擇的進(jìn)口了一些成套的設(shè)備。5.應(yīng)探索各種途徑和手段促進(jìn)兒童語言的發(fā)展,。

various channels and ways should be explored to promote the language development of children.6.這家航空公司需要加強(qiáng)改進(jìn)和完善運(yùn)行機(jī)制,。

the airline company should make intensive effort to change and improve.7.回顧過去病史,，未發(fā)現(xiàn)感染反復(fù)發(fā)作。

8.今年我們?cè)谝M(jìn)工作方面又取得了重大成績(jī),。9.我們積極支持生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè),。

10.肯德基出了新品種的香辣雞翅。

11.抗氧化劑是某種存在于食品中的化學(xué)物質(zhì),。antioxidant is a chemical in food.12.這臺(tái)較復(fù)雜的電腦又能設(shè)計(jì)出一臺(tái)更為復(fù)雜的電腦,，而且還可以一代代更加復(fù)雜精密的開發(fā)，研制下去,。this more complex computer could design one still more complex and soon…

句意反譯 肯定譯為否定

1． 這份說明書不夠詳盡,。the specification lacks details.2． 我們不應(yīng)該再把海洋當(dāng)成人類的生活污水和工業(yè)污水的垃圾場(chǎng)了。we should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.3． 精密儀器必須保持無塵,。

precise instrument must be keep free from the dust.4． 鐵箱能使地球磁場(chǎng)影響不了指南針,。

an iron case will keep the earth’s magnetic field away from the compass.5． 我們無權(quán)簽此合同。

it’s beyond our power to sign the contract.6． 他們公司在產(chǎn)品的包裝和宣傳上明顯比不上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手,。

their company is obviously inferior to their rival in product packing and are many other energy source in store.有很多能源尚未開發(fā),。

the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.高海拔處冰雪常年不化。

rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.由于橡膠不導(dǎo)電,，所以可以用作絕緣材料,。

have found your terms and conditions agreeable.我們對(duì)你的章程和條款沒有異議。

否定譯為肯定

study of genetics will never be so all encompassing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology.遺傳學(xué)幾乎包含了從藥學(xué)到社會(huì)學(xué)的所有學(xué)科,。

advantages of nano-structured materials do no end here.納米材料的優(yōu)點(diǎn)一言難盡,。

recently geneticists were not interested in particular gene.基因?qū)W家最近才開始對(duì)特定基因感興趣?！痶 lose time in posting this letter.請(qǐng)及時(shí)送達(dá)這封信,。

deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced.憑票退押金。

was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.這意味著這個(gè)設(shè)施需要按時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn),。

is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.冰的密度比水小,，因此能浮在水面上。

se bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃ 100℃可以殺滅細(xì)菌,。

s importance can’t be stressed too strongly.它的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過,。

don’t consider melting to be chemical changes.我們認(rèn)為熔化不改變化學(xué)成分。

1 doctor do not expect that the patient with breast cancer will recover.醫(yī)生認(rèn)為乳腺癌患者康復(fù)機(jī)率小,。

could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.搬到一個(gè)新住處要越小心越好,。

物稱與人稱

has priced itself out of his dish.豬肉太貴，他吃不起,。

does not allow us to further analyze this problem here.限于篇幅,，我們不能在此對(duì)這個(gè)問題做進(jìn)一步分析。 now optimism had given way to doubt.至此,，人們不再盲目樂觀,，而是疑惑重重,。

hylline does not share the usual objection to vasodilators.人們通常反對(duì)使用血管擴(kuò)張劑但并不反對(duì)使用氨茶堿。 exigency of the case admitted of no alternative.情況緊急,，別無選擇,。

never occurred to me that she was dishonest.我從來沒想過她不老實(shí)。

was a strike participated in by five thousand workers.五千個(gè)工人參加了罷工,。

8.“there is an increased level of anxiety disproportionate to the actual risk,” says jerrold bushberg, who directs programs in health physics at the university of california at davis.“it’s the dose that makes the ’s not a binary thing.”

人們的焦慮情緒日益強(qiáng)烈,，但實(shí)際上人們并不需要如此擔(dān)憂，只有劑量夠大,，才會(huì)把人毒死,，并不是非此即彼。

resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are know.已知電壓和電流可以確定電阻,。

things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.有人在此講了不該講的話

is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by moon.月亮影響潮汐規(guī)律,。

12.突然間我想到了一個(gè)主意。

suddenly i got an idea./suddenly an idea struck me.13.不同的人對(duì)食物持不同的態(tài)度,。

different people have different attitude towards food./attitudes toward food vary from person to person.14.人們一致認(rèn)為植物病毒不會(huì)感染動(dòng)物,，反之亦然。

it has always been assumed that plant virus cannot infect animals and vice started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student university of michigan in nearby ann arbor, where the chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria inn for lunch and later played an exhibition match.中國(guó)乒乓球隊(duì)在星期五早上參觀了坐落于安娜堡附近,，擁有2200名學(xué)生的密歇根大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化校園,，并在學(xué)校自助餐廳與學(xué)生一起進(jìn)餐，然后進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)表演賽,。

has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the united states from 34 per 1,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100,000 currently.據(jù)報(bào)道,，美國(guó)的胃癌死亡率一直在明顯地持續(xù)下降，從1930年的0.034%到目前的0.008%,，但原因不明,。 journey from embryonated egg to the ligase chain reaction has embraced an enormous amount of work involving tissue cell culture ,enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence ,and molecular techniques.從最早的雞胚（中分離得到衣原體）發(fā)展到用連接酶鏈鎖反應(yīng)（診斷衣原體感染），醫(yī)學(xué)專家們進(jìn)行了組織細(xì)胞培養(yǎng),、酶免疫測(cè)定,、熒光反應(yīng)和分子技術(shù)等大量工作。

被動(dòng)語態(tài)

o has been used to treat malaria in china for over 2000 years.在中國(guó)使用青蒿治療瘧疾已經(jīng)有2000多年歷史了,。re problems must be solved before the tests start.考試開始之前必須解決這些問題,。

may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.藥物,，物理治療,，外科手術(shù)可以治療疼痛。

patient is questioned by a doctor about his present complaint and the date of the onset of the disease.醫(yī)生詢問病人現(xiàn)在的情況以及疾病開始的時(shí)間,。

l elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.一些元素和化合物可以從海水中直接提取出來,。

a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.電線有電流通過后會(huì)發(fā)熱。

magnetic field are know to come from the human body.已知人體會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的微弱的磁場(chǎng),。

resistance must be given careful consideration when the missile is to be designed.導(dǎo)彈設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要特別注意空氣阻力問題,。

is claimed that soap powders polluted the water we drink.有人聲稱肥皂粉污染了我們的飲用水源,。10.心臟往往被看作是人體最重要的器官。

the heart is often regarded as the most important human organ.11.雄性wistar大鼠20只隨機(jī)分成對(duì)照組和糖尿病組,。male wistar rats were spanided into two groups randomly :control group and diabetes group.12.本文以前沒有發(fā)表過,，目前也沒有考慮投寄其他雜志發(fā)表。

this paper has not been previously published, also not been considered in other journal at ation is normally carried out by the a, b, or c family polymerases with high fidelity and high processivity.復(fù)制過程通常是由具有高保真性和高持續(xù)合成性的聚合酶家族a,，b或c實(shí)施的,。

conflict between the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents against resistance bacteria in clinic and less development of new antibiotics should be resolved by the cooperations among enterprises , government and institutions.企業(yè)、政府和科研機(jī)構(gòu)之間的合作將是解決臨床對(duì)于治療耐藥菌感染的新型藥物的迫切需求與抗菌藥研發(fā)處于低谷之間矛盾的方法,。or耐藥菌感染治療急需新型抗菌藥物,，而抗菌藥物的研究開發(fā)處于相對(duì)低谷,由此所產(chǎn)生的矛盾應(yīng)該由企業(yè)、政府與科研機(jī)構(gòu)合作解決,。

gh an association between migraine and chest pain has been described, an association between migraine and coronary events has not been firmly established.雖然先前已有過關(guān)于偏頭痛和胸痛之間關(guān)聯(lián)的描述,，但是偏頭痛和冠心病之間的關(guān)聯(lián)尚未確立。

漢語無主語句的英譯

1.弄不好,，就會(huì)前功盡棄,。

if things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.2.要了解中國(guó)，可以有很多視角,。

there are different angles to approach china.3.學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn),，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。

only by learning from the advances is it possible for one to catch up with and surpass them.4.與其說海洋把陸地分開,，不如說海洋把陸地連在一起,。the ocean do not so much spanide the world as unite it.5.從他家到公園很近。

it is only a stone’s throw from his house to the park.6.我的家鄉(xiāng)冬天很少下雪,。it seldom snows in my hometown.7.可以采用各種方法使溫度下降,。

we can take all sorts of measures to bring the temperature s methods can be adopted to keep the temperature down.8.首先要保證產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。

the quality of the products must be guaranteed.9.操縱這些機(jī)器時(shí)必須小心,。

be careful when operating these machines.10.要著力解決經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展中的突出矛盾,。

efforts must be made to resolve the prominent conflicts in economic and social development.11.使用電子顯微鏡，能獲得大得多的放大倍數(shù),。

much greater magnification can be obtained when electronic microscope is used.12.該項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中肯定困難很多,。

there must be many difficulties in the experiment.13.沒有順利，無所謂困難,；沒有困難,，也無所謂順利。without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa.14.對(duì)母語是英語的人來說,，根本不可能4個(gè)星期就學(xué)會(huì)漢語,。

it is impossible for native english speakers to master chinese in just four weeks.15.已經(jīng)決定幾個(gè)月后進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。

it has been decided that production should begin in a few months.16.建議采用中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的設(shè)備,。

it is suggested that the equipment made in china be adopted.17.隨信附上我們新開發(fā)產(chǎn)品的樣品,。

enclosed are samples of our newly developed products.定語從句

and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域,。

is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.發(fā)燒是提問高于正常的情況。

ial hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found.原因不明的高血壓成為原發(fā)性高血壓,。

chemicals that make metabolism possible come from the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.使新陳代謝成為可能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來自我們呼吸的空氣,、所飲的水和所吃的食物。

body consists of a large number of organs, each of which has its own particular function to perform.人體由大量器官構(gòu)成,，每種器官都有特殊的功能,。

en is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.糖原儲(chǔ)存于肝，需要時(shí)以葡萄糖的形式釋放出,。

ion can be performed with acupuncture analgesia, which is a great contribution to the development of medical science.手術(shù)可用針刺痛法進(jìn)行,，這對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展是一大貢獻(xiàn)。

blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tissues.血流由小動(dòng)脈流入血管,，在毛細(xì)血管血液把氧釋放給身體的細(xì)胞并從組織中排除廢物,。

know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我們知道由于貓的眼睛比人的眼睛能吸收更多的光線，所以可以在夜間看的清楚,。 disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.此病可發(fā)生于任何年齡,，但以年輕的成年人常見。

should be suspected in persons who have any of these symptoms and signs for unaccountable causes and for an unreasonable period of time.如果病人具有任何這些癥狀和體征,，病因又難以說明,，而且持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，就應(yīng)懷疑癌癥,。

world countries export their mineral deposit and tropical agriculture products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界國(guó)家出口礦物和熱帶農(nóng)作物以換取所需的外匯,。 purpose for which electricity is used is numerous.電的用途是很多的。

ately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.幸好,，有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的,。

英語長(zhǎng)句

was believed that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixed on the sound of the heart beat;if this is so, then the discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frightening new world outside.據(jù)說，在母體發(fā)育期間,，胎兒的注意力可能會(huì)集中于心跳的節(jié)律,；如果是這樣，那么外界相似的聲音可能會(huì)對(duì)出生后的嬰兒產(chǎn)生鎮(zhèn)靜作用,，特別是剛來到這陌生又可怕的新世界的嬰兒,。

s show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risking destroying their hope , so that they may recover more slowly , or deteriorate faster , perhaps even commit suicide.研究表明，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生深信重病患者并不想知道他們的真實(shí)病情,，冒著會(huì)毀滅他們希望的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)告知他們事實(shí),，會(huì)使他們恢復(fù)得更慢，或者會(huì)加速惡化,，甚至導(dǎo)致自殺,。

had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had been given a same name and different names that had been given to the same substance.同名不同藥,，同藥不同名,，由此造成的混淆,，他都一一予以澄清。

was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails,(where heavy metals tend to be deposited).因?yàn)橹亟饘偃菀自谀_趾甲富集,，為了測(cè)試汞對(duì)心臟的影響,，所以兩項(xiàng)新的研究比對(duì)了從腳趾甲上剪下的碎片中的汞水平。

should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如說一個(gè)46歲的男子----在與家人外出度假之前進(jìn)行常規(guī)身體檢查---盡管他自己感覺很好,，但醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他患有某種癌癥,，6個(gè)月內(nèi)會(huì)死亡，這時(shí)醫(yī)生該怎么對(duì)他講呢,？

is no more difference, but there is the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person ,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales , and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科學(xué)家的思維活動(dòng)和普通人的思維活動(dòng)之間存在著差別,。這種差別就跟面包師或賣肉的人與化學(xué)家在操作方法上的差別一樣——前者用普通的秤稱商品的重量，后者則用天平和精密的砝碼進(jìn)行艱難復(fù)雜的定量分析,。其差別不過如此而已,。

hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often thwarted by spanerse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.肺癌早期發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨后進(jìn)行外科治療,，這可能是目前最有效的治療辦法,，但這個(gè)希望由于肺癌生長(zhǎng)速度和方向等生物學(xué)特征不相同而破滅。

the periods the snakes’ saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.在演化的過程中,，蛇的唾液——一種溫和,、助消化的像人類唾液一樣的液體——變成了甚至在今天也難以分析的毒液。

scientists hope stem cells can be used to grow a range of tissues, from brain tissue to treat diseases such as parkinson’s, in which brain cells are destroyed, to juvenile diabetes, in which key cells in the pancreas die off.但科學(xué)家希望干細(xì)胞能用來分化成一系列組織,，如從腦組織到胰腺組織,，用于治療由于腦細(xì)胞被破壞引起的疾病如帕金森病以及由胰腺關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞死亡引起的青少年糖尿病。

科技英語翻譯感想篇四

新核心大學(xué)英語——科技英語

unit 7 1．到目前為止,，還沒有一個(gè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者能像ipad一樣對(duì)消費(fèi)者形成如此顯著的影響,。（so far）so far,none of these contenders like ipad has gained any significant influence on consumer.2．如果應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)卯?dāng)，新一輪全球化也許對(duì)中國(guó)這樣的發(fā)展中國(guó)家更為有利,。（be favorable for）when properiy handled, the new-round globalization can be more favorable for developing countries like china.3．她通常不隨便花錢,，要花也只是花她所掙的一小部分。（a fraction of）generally, she is careful with her money, and spends only a fraction of her earning.4．演講者應(yīng)當(dāng)向觀眾表述一些有意義,，有見解的發(fā)言,，讓觀眾在思想上受益。（deliver…to）speakers should deliver to audience a meaningful and insinghtful speech and make audience benefit from it.5．我得改掉每天晚上看電視的習(xí)慣,。（wean oneself from）i have to wean myself from watching tv every 8 1．除了過強(qiáng)的北風(fēng)外,，此處為建設(shè)零碳環(huán)保建筑提供了理想的地理環(huán)境條件。（with the exception of）

with the exception of too-strong winds from the north, the location offers ideal geographical and environmental condition for a net-zero, environment-friendly building.2．此外,，生態(tài)建筑挑戰(zhàn)還限制了建材到工地的運(yùn)輸半徑,。（in addition）

in addition, living building challenge places limits on the transportation radius from the construction site.3．為了充分利用當(dāng)?shù)氐奶烊毁Y源，項(xiàng)目小組將能源實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)成沿地形逐漸降低的三部分。（to make the most of）

to make the most use of the local natural assets the project team developed the energy lab into three volumes that step down with the landscape.4．建筑管理系統(tǒng)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室能效監(jiān)控方面起到了重大作用,。（play a significant role in）the building management system plays a significant role in minitoring the lab’senergy efficency.5．考慮到項(xiàng)目小組為滿足苛刻認(rèn)證條件所作出的努力,，該項(xiàng)目是真正的可持續(xù)建筑。（given….）

given all the effort involved in meeting the demanding requirement for the certification ,the project is a real sustainable 10 1．我們需要的一切是一些創(chuàng)造力和大量的時(shí)間和練習(xí),。（along with）all we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.2．工廠由于未能遵守政府的安全條例而被關(guān)閉,。（comply with）

the factory was closed for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.3．這個(gè)國(guó)家最終可能只是成為一個(gè)低成本的生產(chǎn)基地，而不是創(chuàng)新的發(fā)源地,。（end up）this country could end up becoming simply a low-cost manufactoring base , not a source of innovation.4．為了幫助他們開拓新的市場(chǎng),，你有何具體計(jì)劃？（open up）do you have any particular plan to help them open up new market? 5．中國(guó)不惜一切代價(jià)去阻止臺(tái)灣“獨(dú)立”,，包括發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),。（wage）

china is willing to wage war with taiwan to prevent from declaring independence-whatever the cost.

科技英語翻譯感想篇五

第十單元 尋找生命

課文a

天體生物學(xué)

到目前為止我們還沒有人見過外星生物，對(duì)于天體生物學(xué)來說這似乎是個(gè)問題,。但在過去的20多年中,，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些蛛絲馬跡，顯示宇宙間生命或許并不罕見,。許多科學(xué)家充滿希望,，認(rèn)為不久將能找到外星生命的有力證據(jù)。

其中的一些線索來自陸地生命,。生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了多種嗜極生物,，即可以在極端環(huán)境（如堿性湖泊和地下深處的巖石縫隙）中蓬勃生長(zhǎng)的微生物。生命可能起源于海底的地?zé)峥诨蚧鹕娇诟浇?，這可能是其他行星和衛(wèi)星的共同特點(diǎn),。

在隕石撞擊地球并造成晚期宇宙大爆炸之后不久，在地球的巖石中出現(xiàn)了新陳代謝活動(dòng)留下的化學(xué)痕跡,，這意味著生命的起源或許是個(gè)快速,、簡(jiǎn)單的過程。

來自火星的隕石不時(shí)地撞擊地球,。盡管面臨著低溫和強(qiáng)烈的輻射,，隕石上的細(xì)菌及其孢子很有可能在這種空間之旅中存活下來，這意味著原始生命有可能一度被太陽系的行星攜帶到四面八方,，這一理論被稱為胚種論,。火星微生物

1996年,，有一組科學(xué)家聲稱一顆代號(hào)為alh84001的火星隕石含有火星的化石納米細(xì)菌,。雖然他們的多數(shù)證據(jù)已被證實(shí)并不可信，但對(duì)此持有懷疑的人也無法充分解釋在alh84001號(hào)火星隕石中為什么會(huì)有磁晶體,，因?yàn)樗鼈兣c地球細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的晶體十分相似,。

雖然火星曾一度被認(rèn)為是個(gè)干燥,、貧瘠的星球，但來自歐洲航天局的火星特快飛船,、美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的月球車以及“勇氣號(hào)”和“機(jī)遇號(hào)”火星車的最新證據(jù)表明,，火星表面或接近表面的部分有液體水存在的跡象?？磥頂?shù)十億年前火星曾有過一段短暫的溫暖,、濕潤(rùn)的時(shí)期,，甚至在今天火星表面仍可能不時(shí)有水流動(dòng),。

也許火星表面以下存在一個(gè)更適于微生物棲身的“港灣”，因?yàn)槟抢镉谰么嬖谥簯B(tài)水,，而且危險(xiǎn)的太陽紫外線輻射也無法穿透表層照射到那里,。最近還發(fā)現(xiàn)在火星大氣中存在著甲烷，這可能是生活在深層的細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生的副產(chǎn)品,?？茖W(xué)家已制定了一系列計(jì)劃來尋找更明確的生命跡象，其中包括制造新的飛船以取代失蹤的比格ii號(hào),，并最終完成美國(guó)太空取樣重返地球的宏偉計(jì)劃,。深暗的海洋

其他內(nèi)行星上存在生命的希望似乎更加渺茫，盡管有人認(rèn)為金星似曾適于生存,，而且在金星表面以上50公里,、溫度降至70℃以下的云層中仍有微生物存活。

美國(guó)康奈爾大學(xué)的托馬斯·歌德認(rèn)為,，水星和我們的月球上都存在著“深層熱生物圈”,，在那里生活的微生物能夠?qū)⒑襁_(dá)10公里的外殼巖石消化掉。他還指出,，太陽系中大部分由巖石構(gòu)成的行星和大型衛(wèi)星都存在這種現(xiàn)象,。人們認(rèn)為，太陽系中一些繞外行星旋轉(zhuǎn)的大型衛(wèi)星的冰層下有著很深很暗的海洋,。木星的衛(wèi)星（木衛(wèi)

二,、木衛(wèi)三和木衛(wèi)四）以及土星的衛(wèi)星（土衛(wèi)六與土衛(wèi)二）上，火山噴發(fā)所產(chǎn)生的熱量和化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入海洋,，從而供養(yǎng)了這些生命體,。同樣的情況也可能存在于海王星的衛(wèi)星（海衛(wèi)一）上。那里的海洋由于少量氨防凍劑的作用而得以保持液體形態(tài),?？茖W(xué)家們希望能夠發(fā)送探測(cè)器來探索木衛(wèi)二上的海洋。

與此同時(shí),，“洛賽塔”彗星探測(cè)器和其他航天器已進(jìn)入太空,，以確定彗星是否像科學(xué)家猜測(cè)的那樣攜帶著復(fù)雜的有機(jī)化學(xué)物質(zhì)。彗星有可能為那些“年輕”的星球提供化學(xué)“原料”，給生命的產(chǎn)生奠定基礎(chǔ),。許多有機(jī)分子都是由紅巨星產(chǎn)生的,，天文學(xué)家在星際云團(tuán)中檢測(cè)到了這些分子。此外科學(xué)家在默奇森隕石中還發(fā)現(xiàn)了蛋白質(zhì)的成分氨基酸,。

外太空“地球”

科學(xué)家在太陽系之外已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了150多顆行星,，這些系外行星中有不少都是“熱木星”（即繞著恒星近距離高速運(yùn)行的大型行星）。

這些外太空“地球”似乎更有生命存在的希望,。它們是類似地球的由巖石構(gòu)成的行星,，在一個(gè)生命可以生存的區(qū)域內(nèi)運(yùn)行—距離恒星既不太近也不太遠(yuǎn)，表面溫度正好適宜液態(tài)水存在,。其他猜測(cè)（例如由海洋覆蓋的行星）則更加離奇,。定于2008年開始的美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的“開普勒計(jì)劃”有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)百個(gè)適于生存的外太空“地球”。

下一階段則是在這些遙遠(yuǎn)的星球上尋找生命的痕跡,。歐洲航天局的“達(dá)爾文探測(cè)器”和美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局的類地行星探測(cè)器將尋找氧氣的光譜跡象,，這一跡象可以顯示生命的存在，但不是結(jié)論性的,。此后太空望遠(yuǎn)鏡將用于觀測(cè)許多光年以外的類地行星,，尋找更明確的生命跡象。

此外,，在那些更加特殊的環(huán)境里也許有生命的存在,。美國(guó)帕薩迪納加州理工學(xué)院的大衛(wèi)·史蒂文森認(rèn)為，那些獨(dú)自在遠(yuǎn)離恒星的地方運(yùn)行的行星,，有可能在氧氣層的覆蓋下保持著溫暖的環(huán)境,，從而能夠維持液態(tài)水和生命的存在。外星人的呼喚,？

是否有智能生命存在呢,？根據(jù)德瑞克方程式的計(jì)算，我們可以預(yù)言在銀河系中有多少文明世界正在試圖與我們聯(lián)系,，盡管該方程式中的某些因子幾乎是純粹的猜測(cè),。

對(duì)這一問題持樂觀態(tài)度的人面臨著“費(fèi)米吊詭”：如果說宇宙中普遍存在地外文明，我們?yōu)槭裁粗两襁€沒有見過呢,？40多年來,，科學(xué)家通過射電天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡來捕捉來自其他恒星的電波，一直在尋找外星智能生命,。為了這一目的專門建立了艾倫望遠(yuǎn)鏡陣列,。其他搜尋外星智能生命的天文學(xué)家使用光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡來尋找地外文明發(fā)射的激光束。還有一些專家則認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該在尋找巨型空間結(jié)構(gòu)方面下工夫,，也就是尋找“裝在瓶子里的信息”,。

到目前為止我們還一無所獲,，但是在我們收到來自外星的電視節(jié)目之前有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)外星生物。

（潘文靜 譯 李健 審校）

課文b

南極冰層下是否存在生命,？

幾年前,，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了震驚科學(xué)界的現(xiàn)象：世界上有多種微生物群落是不需要陽光或養(yǎng)分就能生存的。

科學(xué)家們的這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是在遙遠(yuǎn)的外太空搜尋的結(jié)果,，實(shí)際上他們只是在南極洲2.5英里（4公里）厚的冰層下取樣,。

沃斯托克是一個(gè)淡水湖，上面覆蓋著厚厚的冰層,?？茖W(xué)家們指出，冰層的底部由湖水凍結(jié)而成,，其中蘊(yùn)含著微生物,。由此科學(xué)家們推測(cè)在湖中生長(zhǎng)著大量而多樣的微生物群落,。如果該理論是正確的,，就能回答有關(guān)地球上生命極限的問題，并且擴(kuò)大太空中生命體得以生存的環(huán)境范圍,。

兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的研究小組在1999年12月10日的《科學(xué)》雜志上公布了它們對(duì)南極冰層中微生物的最初發(fā)現(xiàn),。

約翰·普里什庫(kù)是來自博茲曼蒙大拿州立大學(xué)陸地資源與環(huán)境科學(xué)系的一位生態(tài)學(xué)家，他主持了其中一項(xiàng)研究,。另一項(xiàng)研究由來自檀香山夏威夷大學(xué)海洋與地球科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院的微生物學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·卡爾主持進(jìn)行,。

此后，這兩個(gè)研究小組和其他科學(xué)家都對(duì)這些微生物進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的分析,。他們?cè)噲D描述這些微生物的多樣性,，并確定它們是否是被用于采集和研究的儀器帶到冰核樣本中去的。

普里什庫(kù)說,，他的小組獲得的新數(shù)據(jù)表明這些微生物具有多樣的生理機(jī)能,。他說，根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)可以推斷沃斯托克湖中存在非常豐富的生命形式,。

普里什庫(kù)說：“我相信,，在沃斯托克湖的表層水面每毫升（0.2茶匙）中有大約一萬個(gè)微生物細(xì)胞，比一般海水內(nèi)每毫升的微生物細(xì)胞數(shù)量低大約100倍,?！?/p>

卡爾的研究小組也進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)在該湖幾英里厚的冰層下面生存著微生物群落,，盡管卡爾注意到“那里的生物量可能非常低”,。

然而，有些科學(xué)家對(duì)以上兩個(gè)小組的初步研究結(jié)果提出了質(zhì)疑,，他們認(rèn)為,，從冰核中取樣并進(jìn)行研究的儀器上帶有微生物,，因此微生物并非來自冰原的底層。湖水樣本

解決科學(xué)界出現(xiàn)的上述爭(zhēng)端的方法是穿透沃斯托克湖面2.5英里（4公里）深的冰面直接取樣,。

國(guó)際科學(xué)界對(duì)此很感興趣,，但是各國(guó)在如何操作的問題上卻持有不同意見。來自美國(guó)和歐洲的科學(xué)家傾向于更加謹(jǐn)慎的方式,，并在尋找研究資金,。

英國(guó)布里斯托大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)院的冰川學(xué)家馬丁·希格特倡議，在探測(cè)沃斯托克湖之前,，應(yīng)先在南極洲西面的一個(gè)叫做埃爾斯沃思的較小的冰河下層湖泊中取樣,。希格特說，要全面執(zhí)行沃斯托克湖探測(cè)計(jì)劃需耗資數(shù)千萬美元,，而埃爾斯沃思湖比較小,，而且其表層的冰溫也高一些，因此在那里取樣只需400萬美元左右,。

希格特說：“我們可以深入這個(gè)湖,，對(duì)水質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析，并且最終證明湖水和沉積物是不是如我們所想象的提供了一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境,。完成這次調(diào)查后,，我們就可以進(jìn)行下一步工作，最終探測(cè)沃斯托克湖,?！?/p>

美國(guó)的科學(xué)家對(duì)于如何系統(tǒng)地勘探南極冰川下層湖泊也制定了計(jì)劃。然而,，比斯古指出,，獲取項(xiàng)目資金是有困難的。

與此同時(shí),，一組俄羅斯的科學(xué)家近日公布了準(zhǔn)備在2006-2007年南極的夏季在沃斯托克湖鉆孔進(jìn)行勘探的計(jì)劃,。

比斯古說：“我贊賞俄羅斯項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)取性與大膽的計(jì)劃，但是我更愿看到該計(jì)劃由國(guó)際合作共同努力完成,，這樣就可以制定更加完善的環(huán)保,、教育和科學(xué)計(jì)劃，所有這些都要符合南極研究的精神,?！?/p>

（潘文靜 譯 李健 審校）