當(dāng)工作或?qū)W習(xí)進(jìn)行到一定階段或告一段落時(shí),，需要回過頭來對(duì)所做的工作認(rèn)真地分析研究一下,，肯定成績(jī)，找出問題,，歸納出經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，提高認(rèn)識(shí),，明確方向，以便進(jìn)一步做好工作,，并把這些用文字表述出來,，就叫做總結(jié),。總結(jié)書寫有哪些要求呢,？我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐懞靡黄偨Y(jié)呢？以下是小編為大家收集的總結(jié)范文,，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧,。

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結(jié)篇一

概述：

如果你看到下列的句子,，你會(huì)認(rèn)為它們是正確的還是錯(cuò)的呢,？ 1.i wish i were a request that you be here tomorrow.也許你會(huì)說:“哈哈,，第一句的 i were 錯(cuò)了，應(yīng)該是 i was,；而第二句中的 you be是什么東東呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!” 其實(shí)上面的句子都是一種稱為 subjunctive 類型的句子,。subjunctive mood 有的書譯為“假設(shè)語氣”,，雖不很貼切；但在相當(dāng)大的程度上,，告訴我們這種句子的特點(diǎn)。subjunctive mood中文譯作“虛擬語氣”,，似乎不及“假設(shè)語氣”那么容易明白。它是一種動(dòng)詞形式,，表示說話人的某種假設(shè)、愿望,、懷疑、猜測(cè),、建議等含義。

基本上,，虛擬語氣可分為虛擬現(xiàn)在(subjunctive present)和虛擬過去(subjunctive past)兩種,；但它們和時(shí)態(tài)(tenses)上所指的現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(present tense)和過去時(shí)態(tài)(past tense)是有所不同的

一,、虛擬現(xiàn)在(subjunctive present):

虛擬現(xiàn)在的句子，在任何時(shí)候都要用動(dòng)詞的原形(root form),，就算是第三人稱(he,she, it)也是如此。如：

1.1 現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(simple present):(右邊為虛擬語氣)i work----i work you work----you work he works----he work(注意到了嗎,，是 work，不是 works)she works----she work(不是 she works 喔）

it works----it work(同樣不是 it works 喔)we work----we work they work----they work 1.2 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(present continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣）

i am working----i be working(注意用的是 be,，怪怪的!)

you are working----you be working he is working----he be working she is working----she be working it is working----it be working we are working----we be working they are woring----they be working 1.3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)(present perfect)右邊為虛擬語氣)i have worked----i have worked you have worked----you have worked he has worked-----he have worked(用的還是have喔)she has worked----she have worked it has worked----it have worked we have worked----we have worked they have worked----they have worked 1.4 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(present perfect continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣)i have been working----i have been working you have been working----you have been working he has been working----he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has)she has been working----she have been working it has been working---it have been working we have been working----we have been working they have been working----they have been working

二、虛擬過去(subjunctive past)

虛擬過去的動(dòng)詞無論在什么情況之下都要用過去復(fù)數(shù)形式,。如：動(dòng)詞 be，在虛擬過去 中要用 were,。

2.1 過去時(shí)態(tài)(simple past)右邊為虛擬語氣)i worked----i worked you worked----you worked he worked----he worked she worked----she worked it worked----it worked we worked----we worked they worked----they worked 2.2 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(past continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣)i was working----i were working（注意是 i were）

you were working----you were working he was working----he were working(是 he were 喔)she was working----she were working it was working----it were working we were working----we were working they were working----they were working 2.3 過去完成時(shí)態(tài)(past perfect)右邊為虛擬語氣)i had worked----i had worked you had worked----you had worked he had worked----he had worked she had worked----she had worked it had worked----it had worked we had worked----we had worked they had worked----they had worked(耶,，全部都用 had!)2.4 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(past perfect continuous)右邊為虛擬語氣

i had been working----i had been working you had been working----you had been working he had been working----he had been working she had been working----she had been working it had been working----it had been working we had been working----we had been working they had been working----they had been working(全部都是 had been 喔）

三,、簡(jiǎn)單的祝愿和命令： 3.1 祝愿

you be happy.(注意那個(gè) be)祝你幸福,。

you have a good the friendship between us last long, a good journey!祝你旅途愉快,！3.2 命令

注意：1.命令虛擬語氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(也就是you),。

2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)：！

3.虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(simple present),，如：work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令語氣，可用助動(dòng)詞 do,，加上 not。

! harder! more alert!(虛擬語氣動(dòng)詞 be) go out! not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虛擬語氣)'t be afraid.(口語中常用don't 代替 do not)

四,、在現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)句里，用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)的過去時(shí)態(tài)

(could,might,should,would)表示說話人的謙虛,、客氣、有禮,、委婉等： you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office.(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 would,表示客氣有禮) would be better for you not to stay up too late.(表示委婉)

五,、虛擬語氣在賓語從句(subordinate clasue)中的用法： 5.1 在wish后的虛擬語氣賓語從句(可省略它的that)：

表示：a.和現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反,；

b.和過去的事實(shí)相反；

c.對(duì)將來的主觀愿望,。

5.1.1 現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬，從句用過去式或過去進(jìn)行式(時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的)：

1.i wish(that可省略,下同)i knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動(dòng)詞過去式 knew)

我希望知道這個(gè)答案,。(事實(shí)上是不知道)2.i wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)

但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)3.i wish i were a bird.(wish, were)

但愿我是只小鳥,。(事實(shí)上不可能,難道是鳥人,？呵呵) she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不在家) that he is in china, he wishes he understood chinese.(wishes,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood)

現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó),，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂) we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不和我們?cè)谝黄?5.1.2 過去情況的虛擬,，從句動(dòng)詞用“had + 過去分詞”（時(shí)間上較前): 1.i wish(that可省略，下同)i hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間,。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了) wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望沒有失去機(jī)會(huì),。(其實(shí)已失去) wished he had spoken to us.(wished,，had + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒同我們講)4.i wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了) will wish they had listened to us sooner.(will wish,had + listened)(事實(shí)上并不如此)5.1.3 將來情況的虛擬(表示將來的主觀愿望)，從句動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形”(時(shí)間上較后):

(請(qǐng)注意：主句和從句的主語不相同喔)1.i wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop)

我希望雨能停止,。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢)2.i wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢) wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天會(huì)到,。(事實(shí)上她還沒到)4.i wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她會(huì)改變主意,。(呵呵,，女孩子可沒那么容易就改變主意喔) will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我們和他在一起,，實(shí)際上還沒在一起)為了這個(gè)wish的部份,，可花了我不少時(shí)間喔。i wish you would appreciate my work.5.2 除了wish之外,，下列各動(dòng)詞(如 suggest)的后面的虛擬語氣賓語從句，其謂語用 ：“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示建議(suggest),、堅(jiān)持(insist)等虛擬語氣： * suggest(建議), recommend(推薦), advise(勸告), propose(建議)* insist(堅(jiān)持), consent(允諾)* decide(決定), order(命令)* request(要求), demand(要求), desire(期望), ask(要求)* maintain(主張), urge(催促)1.i suggest that we(should 可省略,下同)start the meeting at once.(suggest, should + start)(表示建議立即開會(huì)) doctor suggested that he(should)try to lose his weight.(suggested, should + try)(表示建議你應(yīng)該減肥喔) insisted that all of us(should)be there on time by any mains.(insisted, should + be)(表示堅(jiān)持,無論如何都要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那兒,。你再講也沒用哩,！) insisted that we(should)tell him the news.(insisted, should + tell)(表示非要你告訴他不可) ordered that the students(should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.(ordered, should + wash)(表示命令學(xué)生們每周自己洗衣服)

六、虛擬語氣在表語從句,、同位語從句中的用法：

下列名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句，也用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示虛擬語氣： * demand(要求), desire(請(qǐng)求),requirment(要求)* advice(勸告), recommendation(建議),suggestion(建議)* order(命令)* necessity(必要地), preference(優(yōu)先)* proposal(計(jì)劃), plan(計(jì)劃), idea(辦法) advice is that we(should 可省略，下同)leave at once.(名詞advice,，should + leave)(表示加以勸告) idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.(idea, should + get)(表示做出主意)3.i make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.(proposal, should + hold)(表示做出計(jì)劃)虛擬語氣之類的語法真是錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜，不是一時(shí)半刻就能弄清楚的,。再會(huì)

七、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法

句型：it is(或was)+ 形容詞(或過去分詞)+ that …… +should + 動(dòng)詞原 形……

句子：it is natural that she should do so.(形容詞natural, should+動(dòng)詞原 形do)常用的形容詞：

* natural(自然的), appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)?,advisable(合適的), preferable(更可取的), better(更好的)* necessary(必須的), important(重要的), imperative(急需的), urgent(急迫的), essential(本質(zhì)的), vital(必不可少的)* probable(很可能的), possible(可能的)* desirable(極好的)常用的過去分詞(past participle): * required(需要的), demanded(要求), requested(被請(qǐng)求的), desired(要求)* suggested(建議), recommended(推薦)* orderd(命令) is necessary that we(should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have)(表示有需要去散步) was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make)(表示有必要事先做好準(zhǔn)備) is required that nobody(should)smoke here.(required, should + smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽煙) is important that every pupil(should)be able to understand the rule of school.(important, should + be)(表示重要的是學(xué)生都能了解校規(guī))'s important that we(should)take good care of the patient.(important, should + take)(表示重要的是照顧好病人)

八,、虛擬語氣在條件從句(protasis)中的用法： 條件從句有兩類：（1）真實(shí)條件句,；（2）虛擬條件句。如果假設(shè)情況有可能發(fā)生的,，就是“真實(shí)條件句”。如：

time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有時(shí)間的話,，我們就一起去釣魚。）如果假設(shè)的情況與事實(shí)相反,，則為“虛擬條件句”。如：

it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的話,，我們就會(huì)留在家里。）這回我們要談的就是關(guān)于“虛擬條件句”的一些句型,。

* 這種句子一般由“從句”（subordinate clause)和“主句”(main clause)組成。如上 例：

if it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.“if it had rained yesterday” 就是“從句”,；“we would have stayed at home” 則為“主句。

* 無論”從句“或”主句“的謂語都要用虛擬語氣,。它們所用的動(dòng)詞有三種時(shí)態(tài)(tenses),，就是：

現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、過去時(shí)態(tài),、將來時(shí)態(tài)。* 句型：

8.1 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(事情的發(fā)生都在同一時(shí)間內(nèi)): 從句：if + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去式(be 用 were)+ ……

主句：主語 + would(should, could , might)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 + ……

i were you, i would go with him.(從句 if i were you, 主句 i would go with him.) i were you, i should buy it.(從句用過去式動(dòng)詞were,，主句用動(dòng)詞原形 buy) i had time, i would study french.(如果有時(shí)間,，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)法文,。）

（從句用過去式動(dòng)詞had,，主句用動(dòng)詞原形 study）

she knew english, she would not ask me for help.(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我?guī)土恕?

(從句用過去式動(dòng)詞knew, 主句用動(dòng)詞原形ask)注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中,，主句要用：”主語 + would be + 進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞 + ……“ they were here, he would be speaking to them now.(從句用過去式動(dòng)詞were, 主句用 would be speaking)8.2 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)(假設(shè)從句的事實(shí)為過去的事)：

從句：if + 主語 + had +過去完成式動(dòng)詞 + ……

主句：主語 + would(should, could, might)+ have +過去完成式動(dòng)詞 +……

you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(從句動(dòng)詞用had studied, 主句動(dòng)詞用have passed)

如果你在上個(gè)學(xué)期用功一些，你就會(huì)在考試中過關(guān)了,。

you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(從句動(dòng)詞用had taken, 主句動(dòng)詞用have failed)

如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽從我的勸告的話，你就不會(huì)在考試中失敗了,。

you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(從句動(dòng)詞用had got up, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have caught)

如果你起身得早一點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)趕得上火車了,。 it had snowed, i would have skied in the park.(從句動(dòng)詞用had snowed, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have skied)

如果下雪的話，我就可在公園里滑雪了,。

注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中，主句要用：”i主語 + would + have + 完成進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞+……

they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(從句動(dòng)詞用had been, 主句動(dòng)詞用 have been speaking)8.3 與將來的事實(shí)可能相反(對(duì)將來的事實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性不大)：

從句：if + 主語 + should(或were)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 +……

主句：主語 + would(could, should, might)+ 動(dòng)詞原形 +……

it should rain, the crops would be saved.(從句動(dòng)詞用should rain,，主句動(dòng)詞用 be)

如果天下雨,，莊稼可能就收獲了。

he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(從句動(dòng)詞用were to, 主句動(dòng)詞用 tell)

如果明天他走的話,，他可能會(huì)告訴你。

he were here, i would give him the books.(從句動(dòng)詞用 were, 主句動(dòng)詞用 give)

如果他在這兒,，我可能會(huì)把書給他。

注意：如果動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行中,，從句(不是主句喔)要用：“if + 主語 + 過去進(jìn)行式動(dòng)詞+……” she were staying here now, i would let her ride my horse.(從句動(dòng)詞用 were staying, 主句動(dòng)詞用 let)

如果她現(xiàn)在留在這兒，我可能會(huì)讓她騎我的馬,。

8.4 從句的 if 有時(shí)可省略,，那么從句中的動(dòng)詞(were, had, should)就得移到主語前 面：

1.原句：if she were younger, she would do it.去if：were she younger, she would do it.(把動(dòng)詞were移到主語she的前面)2.原句：if he had tried it, he could have done it.去if：had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主語he的前面)8.5 有時(shí)虛擬條件句的從句或主句都可以省略其中一個(gè)：

1.i could help you.(只有主句）

i had time.(只有從句）

should have come to the meeting.(只有主句) he had much more money.(只有從句)8.6 有時(shí)虛擬條件句的從句和主句地動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)不一致：

8.6.1 從句表示過去,，主句表示將來：

if they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.8.6.2 從句表示將來，主句表示過去：

if i were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, i would have gone to see the film with you last night.8.6.3 從句表示過去,，主句表示將來：

if we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.8.6.4 從句表示將來，主句表示現(xiàn)在：

if we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, i would go shopping now.九,、其他虛擬語氣在句子中的應(yīng)用：

9.1 用as if(或 as though 好象)的狀語從句，表示與事實(shí)相反：

pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.（用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)）

他假裝好象完全不懂那事,，其實(shí)他對(duì)那事非常了解。

old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過去完成式表示與過去相反的事實(shí))

那老人看著照片,，他覺得仿佛回到20年前的時(shí)光。

talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形動(dòng)詞meet,，表示與將來事實(shí)相反)

他們談了又談,，仿佛他們不會(huì)再相見的樣子,。

9.2 用 had hoped 表示原來希望做到而實(shí)際上未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。

其賓語從句的謂語要用“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”：

1.i had hoped that she would go to the study there, but she said she liked to stay in china.我原本希望她到美國(guó)去念書,，但她說她喜歡留在中 國(guó)。

9.3 用 without / but for / in the absence of 表示“要不是”,、“如果沒有”,，表 示條件虛擬句：

t air, nothing could live.要是沒有空氣,，什么也不能生存。

for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙,，我們是難有成就的。

the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果沒有水和空氣,，什么也不能生存。練習(xí)：

surely desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in the travel schedules.√ s ed informed at the terrible trouble i your advice! √ followed follow followed 3.i wish go to the movie with you tonight, but i have to finish myhomework then.a.i can √b.i could c.i will d.i would ble, we would certainly have sent him to the was n’t john √ john been had been 5.i would have come sooner but i that you were ’t known ’t known √’t know known you had told me in advance, i him at the airport.√ have met meet met ody has ’s time we the meeting. start started start √d does not dare to leave the house in will recognize √ should be recognized

is recognized recognizes in looked as though he ill for a long been √ been 10.i’d rather you about it for the time ’t think √’t think not think not thought is necessary that mark in time to attend the meeting.√ come is working hard for fear that behind fall behind √ fall behind fall behind is imperative that hurst wood to hospital at taken be taken √ be taken be taken driver looked over the engine carefully lest it on the down down break down √ break down ow, i ivory would surely be she comes she comes break down √ break down

is highly desirable that a new chairman for the be elected elected √ elected talks as if she on the √ been 18.i didn’t go to the i do wish i √ been is requested that every student a plan for the nest √ make make librarian recommended that the professor the newly published books.√ ed have borrowed ing if she there, margaret could not have done anything being √ been

22.i don’t think it advisable that darcy the job as a secretary since he has no experience.√ assigned be assigned assigned been assigned

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結(jié)篇二

2011——2012年第一學(xué)期期末語法課考試題型

elements(10 points)

read the sentences and analyse the clause elements in each of the letters s,v,o,c and a to represent the various elements:

subject

(s)verb

(v)object

(o)complement

(c)adverbial

(a)

the first sentence is an livingstone | lived | in africa | for more than ten years.s

v

a

a

filling(20 points)fill in the blank with the verb given in the le choice(20 points)there are twenty incomplete sentences in this each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and the one that best completes the your answer in the numbered squares filling(10 points)fill in the blanks in the following short passage, using appropriate articles or other correction(10 points)this is a composition written by a 13-year-old t the grammatical errors in the following the corrected version ation(20 points)ate the following sentences into english.(2 points each)

ate the following sentences into chinese.(3 points each)

ent, question, command, exclamation(10 point)read the following headlines taken from punctuation marks have been left each headline, write in the blank the type of communicative function they serve: statement, question, command or exclamation.

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結(jié)篇三

the subjunctive mood虛擬語氣(必修6)

teaching goals 教學(xué)目標(biāo)

language 目標(biāo)語言

a.重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語

wish,， aggressive, scholar, in the flesh

b.重點(diǎn)句式

i wish...were / did...if...were / did...,...would / could / should / might do...y goals能力目標(biāo)

enable the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different goals 情感目標(biāo)

enable the students to use the subjunctive mood to express their emotion teaching important and difficult points 教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)

enable the students to use the correct form of the subjunctive ng methods教學(xué)方法

summarizing;comparative method;practicing ng aids教具準(zhǔn)備

a projector and a ng procedures & ways 教學(xué)過程與方式

step ⅰpresentation

at first, give the students an example to present what the subjunctive mood is andin what situations we should use the subjunctive , show them the sentence structures of the subjunctive mood.t: now please listen to the following example: suppose i’m a basketball fan, yao1

ming is coming here to play a basketball game this unfortunately, i haven’t got a ticket for it.i feel sorry about that and what should i say in this situation? iwill say: i wish i watched the basketball game./ if i had got a ticket, i would go to watch the basketball you ever heard such kind of sentences?

ss: use the subjunctive mood.t: then do you know what is the subjunctive mood and in what situations weshould use the subjunctive mood?

s: the subjunctive mood is used when we want to express a wish, request,recommendation or report of a command.s: also, the subjunctive mood is used to express something that is contrary to thefact, highly unlikely or doubtful.t: can we show our feelings in such situations? we can use the following two sentence structures to express our t + wish + object clause

time verb object clause

now： wish would do / could do / were / did

past： wished had been / done

future： wish would do / could do / were / did

2.“if” clause..., main clause...time verb main clause

now： were / did would / could / should / might do

past： had done would / could / should / might have done

future： were / did would / could / should / might do

samples:

fact request subjunctive mood

not getting a ticket(if i got a ticket,)watch the game(i could watch the game.)i wish i watched the basketball having wings(if i had wings,)fly in the sky(i could fly in the sky.)i would flyfreely in the having enough money(if i had enough money,)buy a new computer(i couldbuy a new computer.)i could buy a new ⅱ practice

first, show the students some more raise some questions and askthem to discuss them according to the situations in groups of four, using thesubjunctive last, get them to show their sentences.t: now i’d like to give you some more discuss how to answer thequestions using the subjunctive mood in groups of them on the has been living with aids for many she is celebrating her

birthday with her you were helen, what kind of wishes would you make?

is said that a falling star can let your dreams come you saw a fallingstar, what kind ofwishes would you make?

s a falling star, a magic lamp can also let your dreams come youhad a magic lamp, what would you ask it to do for you?

after discussion

t: all right, now who would like to be volunteers to speak out your wishes?ss: if i were helen, i would ask for living longer / follow the doctors’ advice.(i wish i had a longer life / i followed the doctors’ advice.)

if i saw a falling star, i would promise to have a flourish future./ i would promise

to make my parents happy forever.(i wish i would have a flourish future / make my parents happy forever.)

if i had a magic lamp, i would ask it help the poor / i would ask it to bring peace tothe whole world.(i wish it could help the poor / bring peace to the whole world.)

step ⅲ consolidation

ask the students to do exercises 1 ＆ 2 in discovering useful structures on page 4and exercises 1-4 in using structures on page check the ⅳhomework

write five sentences by using the subjunctive mood

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結(jié)篇四

英語（高中）虛擬語氣教案

年級(jí)：高三

教師：張勇

2018年1月23日

一、教學(xué)主題：虛擬語氣

二,、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句

三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)：①掌握if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的一般形式（與現(xiàn)在,、過去、將來 事實(shí)相反的情況）

②掌握虛擬語氣中if引導(dǎo)的錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句 ③掌握if省略句的構(gòu)成

虛擬語氣的含義：虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望,、猜疑、建議與事實(shí)不符的假設(shè)等等,，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí),。

知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況

eg: if i were you, i would take an umbrella.從例句得出相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)：

從句：if+主語+動(dòng)詞一般過去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞用were）主句：主語+should/would/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形

知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況

eg: if i had got there earlier, i should/would have met her.從例句得出相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)： 從句：if+主語+had+done 主句：主語+should/would/might/could+have done

知識(shí)點(diǎn)三：表示與將來事實(shí)相反的情況

從句：①if+主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形

②if+主語+were to+動(dòng)詞原形

③if+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式（be動(dòng)詞用were）

主句：主語+should/would/might/could+動(dòng)詞原形 eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.知識(shí)點(diǎn)四：

注意：①,，錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句

含義：當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的動(dòng)作或行為和主句表示的動(dòng)作或行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”,，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

eg：if you had studied hard before, you would be a college student they had informed us, we would come here now.②,，if省略句

在虛擬條件狀語從句中可省略if，把were, had, should提到句首,，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。

eg: if he should come here tomorrow, i would talk to him.變?yōu)椋簊hould he come here tomorrow, i would talk to she were to be here next monday, i would tell her about the matter.變?yōu)椋簑ere she to be here next monday, i would tell her about the you were there next month, we would play basketball with you.變?yōu)椋簑ere you there next month, we would play basketball with you had studied hard before, you would be a college student ce：習(xí)題講練

1, if he should not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come

come

come

2, if they were to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with

done

done 3, if she worked hard next month, we would improve her

worked

worked 4, if you had listened to my advice before, you ____ better

be

have been 5, should he not ____ tomorrow, we should put off the come

come

come

6, were they to ____ the research next tuesday, i would come with

done

done 7, had you listened to my advice before, you ____ better

be

have been 3

英語虛擬語氣的歸納總結(jié)篇五

高考英語之虛擬語氣歸納整理

英語的動(dòng)詞有三種語氣形式,，即陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣,。陳述語氣用來說明事實(shí)或就事實(shí)提出詢問,，可用于陳述句,、疑問句和某些感嘆句中,；祈使語氣用于表示請(qǐng)求、命令,、建議或警告等,。虛擬語氣是謂語動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，用來表達(dá)假設(shè),、主觀愿望、猜測(cè),、建議,、可能或空想等非真實(shí)情況,。如：

1.虛擬語氣

he is honest.他很誠(chéng)實(shí)。（陳述語氣）

don‘t be late next time.下次別遲到,。（祈使語氣）

if i were you，i would not go.我要是你,，我就不會(huì)去。（虛擬語氣）i wish i had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多錢就好了,。（虛擬語氣）2第一類

虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法：

條件句有真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的,，此時(shí)主句不用虛擬語氣；而虛擬條件句則表示一種假想,，與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會(huì)發(fā)生，此時(shí)用虛擬語氣,。如： if i have time,，i will go.假若我有時(shí)間,，我就去,。（陳述語氣）

if i were you，i would go.假若我是你,，我就去。（虛擬語氣）

條件句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)類型 主句謂語形式 例句 形式

i were you, i should 動(dòng)詞過去式 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)would/should/could/might+ v原study 相反 形 2.i would certainly go if *be 多用were i had time. you had taken my

advice, you would not have 動(dòng)詞過去完成would/should/could/might + failed in the test.式 have done i had left a little had done earlier, i would have caught the train.與過去事實(shí)相反

you came tomorrow, we ①動(dòng)詞過去式 would have the meeting.① 與將來事實(shí)would/should/could/might + v②should +v it were to rain 相反 原形 原 tomorrow, the meeting ③were + to do would be put off.③

*規(guī)律總結(jié)：從句都往過去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài),，如：與現(xiàn)在相反的if從句就用過去時(shí),；與過去相反用過去完成時(shí)（即過去的過去）

注：特別說明

1,、l would/should/could/might主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后；would表示結(jié)果還表示過去經(jīng)常常常做某事,，might表示可能性，could表示能力,、允許或可能性。比較：

if you tried again,，you would succeed.要是你再試一試，你就會(huì)成功的,。(would表結(jié)果)if you tried again，you might succeed.要是你再試一試,，你可能會(huì)成功的。(might表可能)if you tried again,，you could succeed.要是你再試一試，你就能成功了,。(could表能力)

2、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句 即條件從句與主句所指時(shí)間不一致,，如從句指過去，而主句即指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，結(jié)合上面提到的三種基本類型對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：

if it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.要是昨晚下過雨的話,，現(xiàn)在地面就會(huì)是濕的,。

you would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你當(dāng)時(shí)聽我的話,，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)好多了,。

3、if虛擬條件句的否定（含蓄條件句）?？純蓚€(gè)句型：if it weren’t for?和if it hadn’t been for?，其意為“若不是(有)” “要不是”,。如：

if it weren’t for water, no plant could grow.要是沒有水植物就無法生長(zhǎng)。

if it hadn’t been for your assistance,，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=but for your assistance，we wouldn’t have succeeded.=without your assistance,，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果沒有你的幫助，我們不會(huì)成功的,。

4,、if虛擬條件句的倒裝形式,，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

were i in school again(= if i were in school again), i would work harder.如果我能再上一次學(xué),，我會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)得更努力。

had you asked me, i would have told you.(=if you had asked me,?)如果你問我,，我會(huì)告訴你。

3第二類

使用虛擬語氣的常見結(jié)構(gòu)或從句：

1.*wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣,。試比較：

（1）we hope they will come.(we don’t know if they can come.)

（2）we wish they could come.(we know they are not coming.)我們希望他們能來。

only 與 i wish一樣,，也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)與 wish后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同：

if only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了,。

if only i had listened to my parents!我要是當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父母的話就好了。

if only she would go with me!她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常獨(dú)立使用,，沒有主句,。

rather后句子用虛擬語氣 只分現(xiàn)在和過去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that從句中, 句子謂語習(xí)慣上要用虛擬語氣,，表示“寧愿做什么”，具體用法為：

① 一般過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?/p>

i’d rather you went tomorrow(now).我寧愿你明天(現(xiàn)在)去,。

② 用過去完成時(shí)表過去的愿望

i’d rather you hadn’t said it.我真希望你沒有這樣說過。

if(though)從句用虛擬語氣

以as if(as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句,，有時(shí)用虛擬語氣,則與wish用法相同,，例： he acts as if he knew me.他顯得認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。

they treat me as though i were a stranger.他們待我如陌生人,。

he talks as if he had been abroad.他說起話來好像曾經(jīng)出過國(guó),。

注：兩點(diǎn)說明

(1)從句所表示的內(nèi)容若為事實(shí)或可能為事實(shí),，也可用陳述語氣：

it looks as if we’ll be late.我們似乎要遲到了,。

(2)注意 it isn’t as if?的翻譯：

it isn’t as if he were poor.他不像窮的樣子(或他又不窮),。

4第三類

從句中should+動(dòng)詞原形,，should可省略

1.在 lest,，for fear that(以免),in case(以防)引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣

she walked quietly lest she(should)wake up her roommates.她走得很輕以免吵醒她的室友,。

2.表應(yīng)當(dāng)做 值得做 一類動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句

建議advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command請(qǐng)求ask, demand, require, request指示direct督促urge提議move, vote希望desire堅(jiān)持insist打算intend安排arrange 例如：

i insisted that he(should)stay.我堅(jiān)持要他留下,。

he urged that they go to europe.他督促他們到歐洲去。

he suggested that we shouldleave early.他建議我們?cè)琰c(diǎn)動(dòng)身,。

he ordered that it(should)be sent back.他命令把它送回去。

i ask that he leave.我要求他走開。

he requires that i(should)appear.他要求我出場(chǎng),。

i move that we accept the proposal.我提議通過這項(xiàng)提案。

he arranged that i should go abroad.他安排我去國(guó)外,。

she desires that he do it.她希望他做此事,。

the general directed that the prisoners should be set free.將軍指示釋放那些俘虜,。*suggest表“暗示”insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”不用虛擬語氣

比較：

he insisted that ihad read his letter.他堅(jiān)持說我看過他的信,。

he insisted that i should read his letter.他堅(jiān)持要我看他的信,。

he suggested that we(should)stay for dinner.他建議我們留下吃飯。

i suggested that you had a secret understanding with him.我覺得你與他心照不宣,。

,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名詞后的表語從句或同位語從句 our suggestion is that you（should）be the first to go． 我們的建議是你應(yīng)該第一個(gè)去,。

4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order

l “it is(was)+ 緊急 重要--帶感情色彩

上述demand/suggest等動(dòng)詞過去分詞 或

important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容詞 后的主語從句

is ordered that the army(should)get there by 4 is necessary that she(should)be sent there at once.注：*it is necessary,，important,，strange，natural,，advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(絕對(duì)必要), impossible, improper,obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc.,；it is a pity；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed

第四類

it’s time后的從句用虛擬語氣從句謂語通常用過去式表示(早)該干某事了

*有時(shí)也用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”(較少見,，且should不能省略)

’s time we went [were going, should go].我們?cè)撟吡恕?/p>

it’s time i was in bed.我該上床睡了,。(不用were)

it's time = it is(the very/high/right/about)time

第五類

表示祝愿話語中也可以用虛擬語氣。

may godbless you.愿上帝保佑你,。

may you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康長(zhǎng)壽美滿幸福,。

第六類

在少數(shù)句型中，謂語用虛擬語氣,。

1）有that引導(dǎo)的句子（表示愿望或沮喪情緒）that the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下來。

2）由would that引導(dǎo)的句子（表示但愿）would that he wear gone.但愿他已走掉。

3）由to think引導(dǎo)的句子（表示沒想到）to think that i trusted him.沒想到我竟然信了他,。5 wish和as if

1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望

構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + 動(dòng)詞過去式（be 一律用were）

例如：i wish i knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。

i wish that the experiment were a success.我希望這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是成功的,。

we wish we had wings.我們希望有翅膀。

2.表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望

構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/could + have + 過去分詞或had + 過去分詞 例如：i wish that you had called yesterday.我希望你昨天來過,。

i wish that i could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。

i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i had been there.我沒有去參加晚會(huì),，但是我真的希望我去過那里。

3.表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望

構(gòu)成：主語 + wish(that)+ 從句主語 + would/should/could/might + 原形動(dòng)詞

例如：i wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次嘗試,。

i wish that someday i should live on the wish that they would come if 引出的虛擬。

as if?.表好像??我們經(jīng)常會(huì)利用一下句型來表達(dá)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的虛擬狀態(tài)：it is as if??,。(就好象是??)

as if + 從句，主句,。（好像?? sb.+ do?）表達(dá)一種假設(shè)的條件,。而 as if 之后的假設(shè)內(nèi)容的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和wish虛擬的結(jié)構(gòu)一樣,。

l.33 a day to remember 中原句,，“as if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)虛擬。北京新東方名師指出,，要善于總結(jié)出一些學(xué)習(xí)語法的技巧，如利用對(duì)比,，舉例等方法進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí),。

注：something is to happened，i'm to face it,。

6注意事項(xiàng)

使用虛擬條件句時(shí)要注意的幾點(diǎn)：

1．當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”,，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。如：

if you had followed my advice just now, you would be better you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.2．if 省略句在條件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 變?yōu)榈寡b句式,。如： if i were at school again, i would study harder.→ were i at school again, i would study you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.→ had you come earlier, you would catch the it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.→ should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是否定形式時(shí),，不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式,。如：我們可以說：were it not for the expense, i would go abroad now.但不能說：weren't it for the expense, i would go abroad now.3．用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句,。常用的介詞有with, without, but for,。如：

what would you do with a million dollars?(= if you had a million dollars)

we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(= if we hadn't got your help)

but for the rain(= if it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work.4．含蓄條件句

有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要,，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。

i was ill that ise, i would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞)he telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it.(連詞)

a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.（定語從句）i might have given you more help, but i was too busy.(連詞)

everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly.(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

混合型與含蓄型虛擬語氣

1,?；旌闲吞摂M語氣：

當(dāng)虛擬條件從句與結(jié)果主語所表達(dá)的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),，被稱為“混合條件句”，這種虛擬語氣被稱為“混合型虛擬語氣”,，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表達(dá)的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整,。如：

if you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(條件從句表達(dá)的時(shí)間是過去，因此用had+過去分詞,；主句表示的時(shí)間是現(xiàn)在,，因此用would+動(dòng)詞原形)

2.含蓄型虛擬語氣：

有時(shí)候,，虛擬條件不是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表示,，而是暗含在上下文中

（1）.用but for、without(如果沒有）等來代替條件從句,，如

without electricity human life would be quite different=if there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different

(2)用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示與上文的情況相反,，從而引出虛擬語氣。如： i lost your ise,i would have visited you long before.=i lost your i hadn't lost your address ,i would have visited you long before.(3)虛擬條件通過but暗示出來,。如：

he would have given you more help,but he was too busy

他本來會(huì)給你更多的幫助，但是他太忙了,。也就是說，如果那時(shí)他不忙,，他可以給你更多的幫助。句中but he was too busy實(shí)際上暗示了一個(gè)虛擬條件——如果那時(shí)他不忙

he would lose weight,but he eats too much

他本來可以減肥的,，但是他吃的太多了,。也就是說，如果他吃得不多的話,，他是可以減肥的,。句中的but he eats too much實(shí)際上暗示了一個(gè)虛擬條件——如果他吃得不多