總結(jié)是把一定階段內(nèi)的有關(guān)情況分析研究,,做出有指導(dǎo)性的經(jīng)驗方法以及結(jié)論的書面材料,,它可以使我們更有效率,不妨坐下來好好寫寫總結(jié)吧,。那關(guān)于總結(jié)格式是怎樣的呢?而個人總結(jié)又該怎么寫呢,?以下是小編為大家收集的總結(jié)范文,,僅供參考,,大家一起來看看吧,。
初高中英語語法總結(jié)篇一
1月1日—中華人民共和國擔(dān)任本1月聯(lián)合國安全理事會輪值主席,。
1月1日—本第一個天文現(xiàn)象,月偏食,,此次稱“藍月”,。(下一次將等到2028年)1月1日—西班牙接任瑞典成為新一屆歐洲聯(lián)盟輪值主席國。
1月1日—世界上最大的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)中國-東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)正式建成,,總?cè)丝谶_十九億,。
1月4日—阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國首都迪拜,地球地表上最高的人造建筑物,,高達828米的“哈利法塔”正式開幕啟用,。
1月5日—臺灣通過食品衛(wèi)生管理法修正案,明文禁止美國牛絞肉,、內(nèi)臟等六項高風(fēng)險部位進口,。
1月5日—北半球因大氣循環(huán)系統(tǒng)遭到破壞和太陽黑子活動減少以及北極震蕩,,導(dǎo)致暴雪不斷,歐洲大陸幾近冰封,,溫度創(chuàng)新低,。
1月5日—沙特阿拉伯宣布擬建造高達1000米的王國塔(kingdom tower),預(yù)計2020年完工啟用,。
1月7日—日本捕鯨船與反捕鯨抗議船只在怒濤中發(fā)生碰撞之后,,澳大利亞政府今天面臨派遣巡邏船到南極海域的壓力,。這起事件造成一名保育人士受傷,。
1月9日—美國加利福尼亞州發(fā)生芮氏6.5級地震,造成市政廳損毀,。
1月12日—加勒比島國海地首都太子港發(fā)生芮氏7.0級地震,造成海地總統(tǒng)府,、醫(yī)院損壞,當(dāng)?shù)毓烙嬘懈哌_二十萬人死亡,。
1月15日—日環(huán)食,。21世紀(jì)持續(xù)時間最長的日環(huán)食。(下一次要等到3043年)
1月16日—立法會經(jīng)過長達15輪近170多次提問,,財務(wù)委員會以21比31正式通過對廣深港高速鐵路香港段撥款申請,。這筆款項中,500多億元為建造工程,、118億元為非建造工程,,8600萬元為對菜園村居民的補償。
1月17日—第67屆金球獎頒獎典禮在美國貝弗利山希爾頓酒店舉行,,詹姆斯·卡麥隆執(zhí)導(dǎo)的影片《阿凡達》獲得劇情類最佳影片和最佳導(dǎo)演獎項,。
1月19日-日本最大的航空公司日本航空公司正式向東京地方法院申請破產(chǎn)。
足協(xié)反賭,,南勇,、楊一民被抓。
胡錦濤2月24-26來陜西訪問,。
國家能源委員會成立,,溫家寶任主任,李克強任副主任
2010年5月1日至10月31日(總共184天)——2010年世界博覽會(expo 2010)是一個籌備中的世界博覽會,,2010年在中國上海市舉行,,也是歷來首次由中國舉辦的世界博覽會。博覽會的主題是“城市,,讓生活更美好”,。主辦機構(gòu)預(yù)計吸引世界各地7000萬人次參觀者前往,,總投資達300億人民幣,是世界博覽會史上最大規(guī)模,。
2010年5月12日——中國第二個防災(zāi)減災(zāi)日,,以紀(jì)念汶川大地震2周年。
國內(nèi)部分:
1:1月1日,,中國—東盟自由貿(mào)易區(qū)正式啟動,。這是世界上人口最多的自由貿(mào)易區(qū),是全球第三大自由貿(mào)易區(qū),,也是由發(fā)展中國家組成的最大自由貿(mào)易區(qū),。
2:1月6日,《國務(wù)院關(guān)于推進海南國際旅游島建設(shè)發(fā)展的若干意見》日前發(fā)布,,標(biāo)志著海南國際旅游島建設(shè)正式上升為國家戰(zhàn)略,。
3:1月10日晚,2010沈陽國際冰雪節(jié)暨盛京燈會,、關(guān)東廟會在沈陽棋盤山開幕。
4:1月11日,,2009國家科學(xué)技術(shù)獎勵大會在北京人民大會堂隆重舉行,。
5:1月13日,沈浩先進事跡報告會在北京人民大會堂舉行,。6:1月21日,,國家統(tǒng)計局局長馬建堂在國務(wù)院新聞辦發(fā)布會上宣布,,據(jù)初步測算,2009年我國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值335353億元,,按可比價格計算,,比上年增長8.7%,,增速比上年回落0.9個百分點。
7:1月22日,,上海世博會最大的單體工程,、世博會“一軸四館”永久場館之
一、上海世博會地標(biāo)性建筑的世博軸工程,,正式竣工,。
8:1月27日,中國政府網(wǎng)發(fā)布的《國務(wù)院辦公廳關(guān)于成立國家能源委員會的通知》說,,根據(jù)第十一屆全國人民代表大會第一次會議審議批準(zhǔn)的國務(wù)院機構(gòu)改革方案和《國務(wù)院關(guān)于議事協(xié)調(diào)機構(gòu)設(shè)置的通知》精神,,為加強能源戰(zhàn)略決策和統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào),,國務(wù)院決定成立國家能源委員會。
9:1月28日,,全國檔案戰(zhàn)線的時代楷模,、解放軍檔案館原館員劉義權(quán),19時20分在北京病逝,,走完了他近60年忠誠而執(zhí)著,、平凡而偉大的人生。國際部分:
1:1月6日,,美國宇航局公開了哈勃望遠鏡拍攝到的132億年前的宇宙照片,,距離宇宙大爆炸之后僅6億年,這是迄今為止最早的宇宙照片,。
2:1月8日,,西班牙和歐盟領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人晚在馬德里的皇家劇院舉行歐盟輪值主席國交接儀式,。
3:1月12日,,海地當(dāng)?shù)貢r間下午,一場里氏7.3級地震突襲海地,,首都太子港受損嚴(yán)重,,此次地震震級太高,震中距太子港僅16公里,,震源距地表不過10公里,,造成重大傷亡。
4:1月14日,,東南亞國家聯(lián)盟(東盟)外長非正式會議,、第三次東盟政治安全共同體理事會會議和東盟協(xié)調(diào)理事會會議在越南峴港舉行。
5:1月18日,,為期4天的第三屆世界未來能源峰會在阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國首都阿布扎比開幕,。
6:1月19日,日美兩國外長和防長就《日美安全保障條約》修訂50周年紀(jì)念日發(fā)表聯(lián)合聲明說,,兩國將進一步深化在廣泛領(lǐng)域的安保合作,。
7:1月21日,英國著名的科學(xué)雜志《自然》發(fā)表封面文章,,介紹中國科學(xué)家有關(guān)“大熊貓基因組”研究取得的成果,,并配有兩頭嬉戲的中國大熊貓的圖片。
8:1月27日晚,,為期5天的2010年世界經(jīng)濟論壇年會在瑞士山城達沃斯開幕,,全球90多個國家的2500多位來自商業(yè)、政治,、教育,、文化等各界人士濟濟一堂,,著重探討金融危機之后的全球治理問題,力求提出解決問題的行動方案,。
二月
國內(nèi)部分:
1:2月2日,,紀(jì)念姬鵬飛同志誕辰100周年座談會在北京人民大會堂舉行。
2:根據(jù)《中華人民共和國食品安全法》規(guī)定,,國務(wù)院近日決定設(shè)立國務(wù)院食品安全委員會,。
3:2月12日至13日,在中華民族傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)到來之際,,中共中央總書記胡錦濤來到福建省漳州市,,親切看望在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)發(fā)展的臺商,并向廣大臺灣同胞致以新春的祝福,。
4:2月15日晚,,申雪/趙宏博在溫哥華冬奧會花樣滑冰雙人滑比賽中奪得金牌,這是中國選手第一次奪得花樣滑冰項目的奧運金牌,。另一對中國選手龐清/佟健獲得銀牌,。
5:2月19日,社會各界人士懷著悲痛的心情來到北京八寶山革命公墓,,送別我國當(dāng)代著名教育家,、首批特級教師、北京第二實驗小學(xué)原副校長霍懋征,。
6:2月25日,中共中央政治局常委,、中央書記處書記,、國家副主席習(xí)近平上午在人民大會堂出席“2010’經(jīng)濟全球化與工會”國際論壇開幕式并致辭。
國際部分:
1:2月7日,,哥斯達黎加最高選舉法院晚宣布,執(zhí)政黨民族解放黨總統(tǒng)候選人勞拉?欽奇利亞在當(dāng)日舉行的總統(tǒng)大選中以46.8%的得票率獲勝,,擊敗了反對黨公民行動黨候選人奧頓?索利斯和自由運動黨總統(tǒng)候選人奧托?格瓦拉,,成為哥斯達黎加歷史上首位女總統(tǒng)。
2: 2月12日,,第二十一屆冬季奧林匹克運動會開幕式在加拿大溫哥華哥倫比亞體育館舉行,。
3:2月12日上午,在國際奧委會第122屆全會上,,中國前短道速滑名將楊揚以89票贊成5票反對的絕對優(yōu)勢當(dāng)選為國際奧委會委員,。
4:2月27日凌晨,智利發(fā)生里氏8.8級強烈地震,,已至少有122人死亡,,遇難人數(shù)還在繼續(xù)上升,。三月
國內(nèi)部分:
1:3月1日,以“展現(xiàn)時代巾幗風(fēng)采,、謳歌女性光榮使命”為主題的紀(jì)念三八國際勞動婦女節(jié)100周年專題文藝晚會在京舉行,。
2:3月2日,中共中央總書記,、國家主席,、中央軍委主席胡錦濤在解放軍歌劇院觀看反映解放軍檔案館原館員、全國檔案戰(zhàn)線時代楷模劉義權(quán)先進事跡的大型話劇《生命檔案》,。
3:3月5日上午,,第十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議在人民大會堂開幕。
4:3月5日,,是第十一個中國青年志愿者服務(wù)日,,各級共青團組織圍繞迎世博、迎亞運開展青年志愿者行動,。
5:3月7日上午,,紀(jì)念“三八”國際勞動婦女節(jié)100周年大會在人民大會堂舉行,。
6:3月13日,,中國人民政治協(xié)商會議第十一屆全國委員會第三次會議在北京人民大會堂閉幕。
7:3月14日,,“打通攔門沙,,治理長江口”這個幾代仁人志士的夢想今天終于實現(xiàn),長江口深水航道治理三期工程順利通過交工驗收,。
9:3月18日,,我國首架大型民用直升機ac313,在江西景德鎮(zhèn)首飛成功,,該直升機由中航工業(yè)集團自主研制,。
10:3月19日,上海城市文明志愿服務(wù)行動“集結(jié)號”全面吹響——為迎接世博會的到來,,上海組建了一支由近200萬名志愿者組成的城市文明志愿者隊伍,,人數(shù)將近上海總?cè)丝跀?shù)的1/10,。
11:3月22日,,是第十八屆世界水日,也是第二十三屆中國水周的第一天,。
12:3月28日晚,,大型音樂舞蹈史詩《復(fù)興之路》在國家大劇院舉行閉幕演出。國際部分:
1:3月15日下午,曾擔(dān)任過安倍內(nèi)閣法相和麻生內(nèi)閣總務(wù)相的自民黨政要鳩山邦夫以希望組建新黨為由,,向自民黨高層提出離黨申請,。
2:3月20日中午,尼泊爾前首相,、尼泊爾大會黨主席吉里賈?普拉薩德?柯伊拉臘在加德滿都病逝,。
3:3月21日晚,在長達近11個小時的辯論和投票之后,,美國國會眾議院通過了最終版本的醫(yī)改法案,。
4:3月30日,歐洲核子研究中心的大型強子對撞機實施總能量達7萬億電子伏特的質(zhì)子束流對撞,,首次對撞取得成功,。四月
國內(nèi)部分:
1:4月8日,股指期貨啟動儀式在上海舉行,,中共中央政治局委員,、上海市委書記俞正聲和中國證監(jiān)會主席尚福林共同啟動了股指期貨。
2:4月8日,,我國首輛高速磁浮國產(chǎn)化樣車在成都實現(xiàn)交付,。
3:4月11日傍晚,經(jīng)過3天的高層對話與討論之后,,博鰲亞洲論壇2010年年會完成了全部既定議程,,于在海南博鰲落下帷幕。
4:4月13日,,核安全峰會在美國首都華盛頓舉行,,國家主席胡錦濤出席會議并發(fā)表重要講話。
5:4月12日,,國家主席胡錦濤在華盛頓會見日本首相鳩山由紀(jì)夫,,就中日關(guān)系和其他共同關(guān)心的問題坦誠深入交換意見。
6:4月14日7時49分,,青海省玉樹藏族自治州玉樹縣發(fā)生7.1級地震,,給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣袢罕娚敭a(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p失。
7:4月22日,,國土資源部,、遼寧省人民政府、中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局、中國地質(zhì)學(xué)會以“珍惜地球資源 轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式 倡導(dǎo)低碳生活”為主題在全國各地舉辦了豐富多彩的活動,,隆重紀(jì)念第四十一個世界地球日,。
8:4月24日上午,國家金融信息大廈在北京市麗澤金融商務(wù)區(qū)奠基,。
9:4月26日,時速250公里的福(州)廈(門)鐵路正式開通運營,,兩地鐵路運行時間從原來中轉(zhuǎn)繞行所需的11個小時縮短到目前的1.5個小時,。
10:4月26日上午9時,,我國內(nèi)地首條海底隧道,、全長8.695公里的廈門翔安隧道正式通車,標(biāo)志著我國海底隧道自主設(shè)計,、自行施工的能力躍入世界先進行列,。
11:4月28日,國家主席胡錦濤下午在人民大會堂同法國總統(tǒng)薩科齊舉行會談,。
12:4月28日,晚第六屆中國國際動漫節(jié)在浙江杭州開幕,。
13:4月30日,,晚展示中國發(fā)展新貌,,薈萃世界文明精華。舉世矚目的中國2010年上海世界博覽會開幕式在上海世博文化中心隆重舉行,,國際部分:
1:4月8日,,國際航空運輸協(xié)會(簡稱國際航協(xié))理事長喬瓦尼?比西尼亞尼在北京出席該機構(gòu)北亞區(qū)辦公室喬遷慶典時表示,去年底以來,,全球航空業(yè)狀況有所好轉(zhuǎn),不過全行業(yè)仍處于虧損狀態(tài),。
2:4月15日,,“金磚四國”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人第二次正式會晤在巴西首都巴西利亞舉行,中國國家主席胡錦濤,、俄羅斯總統(tǒng)梅德韋杰夫,、巴西總統(tǒng)盧拉、印度總理辛格出席,。
3:4月25日,,在華盛頓舉行的世界銀行發(fā)展委員會春季會議通過了發(fā)達國家向發(fā)展中國家轉(zhuǎn)移投票權(quán)的改革方案,在提高發(fā)展中國家在世行投票權(quán)問題上“邁出歷史性一步”,。
4:4月29日下午,,為期兩天的第十六屆南亞區(qū)域合作聯(lián)盟(簡稱南盟)首腦會議在不丹首都廷布落下帷幕。五月 國內(nèi)部分
1:5月1日,,上午中國2010年上海世界博覽會開園儀式在上海世博中心舉行,。
2:5月5日,國務(wù)院召開全國節(jié)能減排工作電視電話會議,,動員和部署加強節(jié)能減排工作,。3:5月5日,國務(wù)院總理溫家寶主持召開國務(wù)院常務(wù)會議,,審議并通過《國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要(2010—2020年)》,。
4:5月3日至7日,應(yīng)中共中央總書記,、國家主席胡錦濤的邀請,,朝鮮勞動黨總書記、國防委員會委員長金正日對中國進行非正式訪問,,并在北京,、天津、遼寧等省市參觀考察,。5:5月12日,,成都至都江堰的快速鐵路——成灌快鐵正式開通運營。是全國首條市域城際鐵路,。
6:5月13日上午,,河南省高級人民法院與商丘市中級人民法院聯(lián)合召開新聞發(fā)布會宣布:給予因錯案冤枉服刑10多年的趙作海國家賠償金及生活困難補助費共計65萬元,。7:5月14日,第六屆中國(深圳)國際文化產(chǎn)業(yè)博覽交易會在深圳隆重開幕,。
8:5月15日,,上午以“攜手建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家”為主題的第十屆科技活動周開幕式在北京首都博物館舉行。
9:5月15日,,中國房山世界地質(zhì)公園開園,,地質(zhì)公園博物館迎來首批游客。國際部分
1:5月2日,,第十三屆東盟與中日韓(10+3)財長會在烏茲別克斯坦首都塔什干舉行,。2:5月3日,第八次《不擴散核武器條約》締約國審議大會在紐約聯(lián)合國總部開幕,,來自189個締約國的代表參加了此次會議,,會議主要圍繞《不擴散核武器條約》的“三大支柱”,即核不擴散,、核裁軍及和平利用核能等方面的議題,,以大會和小組討論的形式進行。3:5月4日,,日美兩國政府代表在東京首次圍繞美軍普天間機場搬遷問題舉行正式工作磋商,。
4:5月6日,第六十四屆聯(lián)合國大會召開特別會議,,紀(jì)念第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束65周年,。5:5月8日,應(yīng)俄羅斯總統(tǒng)梅德韋杰夫邀請,,國家主席胡錦濤抵達莫斯科,,出席俄羅斯紀(jì)念衛(wèi)國戰(zhàn)爭勝利65周年慶典。
6:5月11日晚,,英國保守黨和自由民主黨(自民黨)宣布組成最近70年來首個聯(lián)合政府,,保守黨領(lǐng)袖卡梅倫成為1974年以來首個“無多數(shù)議會”下聯(lián)合政府的首相。
7:5月11日晚,,英國保守黨和自由民主黨(自民黨)宣布組成最近70年來首個聯(lián)合政府,,保守黨領(lǐng)袖卡梅倫成為1974年以來首個“無多數(shù)議會”下聯(lián)合政府的首相。2010年7月-12月重大時政 1,、7月10日是“中國2010年上海世博會志愿者主題日”,,也是世博歷史上首次設(shè)立的“志愿者主題日”。
2,、國家統(tǒng)計局新聞發(fā)言人盛來運7月15日在國新辦的新聞發(fā)布會上宣布,,據(jù)初步測算,上半年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值172840億元,,按可比價格計算,,同比增長11.1%,,比上年同期加快3.7個百分點。
3,、今年是深圳經(jīng)濟特區(qū)建立30周年。溫家寶強調(diào),,改革開放是決定當(dāng)代中國命運的關(guān)鍵抉擇,,是實現(xiàn)國家強盛、人民幸福的必由之路,。過去 30多年中國的發(fā)展變化,,靠的是改革開放,未來要實現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興,,仍然要靠改革開放,。4、8月26日,,我國第一臺自行設(shè)計,、自主集成研制的“蛟龍?zhí)枴陛d人潛水器3000米級海上試驗取得成功,最大下潛深度達到3759米,,標(biāo)志著我國繼美,、法、俄,、日之后成為第五個掌握3500米以上大深度載人深潛技術(shù)的國家,。5、9月3日是中國人民抗日戰(zhàn)爭勝利65周年紀(jì)念日 6,、9月29日,,總高達600米的世界第一高的電視觀光塔——廣州塔落成。7,、2010年上海世界博覽會中華人民共和國國家館日儀式10月1日上午在上海世博中心隆重舉行,。8、10月31日晚,,2010年上海世界博覽會閉幕式在上海世博文化中心隆重舉行,。上海世博會是繼北京奧運會后我國舉辦的又一國際盛會,也是第一次在發(fā)展中國家舉辦的注冊類世界博覽會,。本屆世博會的主題是“城市,,讓生活更美好”。理念是“理解,、溝通,、歡聚、合作”,。9,、10月1日18時59分57秒,,嫦娥二號衛(wèi)星成功發(fā)射。這標(biāo)志著探月工程二期任務(wù)邁出了成功的第一步,。
11月8日,,探月工程嫦娥二號月面虹灣局部影像圖揭幕儀式上午在北京舉行。影像圖的傳回,,標(biāo)志著嫦娥二號任務(wù)所確定的工程目標(biāo)全部實現(xiàn),,科學(xué)目標(biāo)也正在陸續(xù)實現(xiàn),探月工程二期嫦娥二號任務(wù)取得圓滿成功,。
中國載人航天工程新聞發(fā)言人8月17日表示,,我國載人航天工程第一個空間交會對接目標(biāo)——天宮一號目標(biāo)飛行器,已于近日完成總裝,。該飛行器將于2011年發(fā)射進入預(yù)定軌道,,之后,發(fā)射神舟八號飛船與之交會對接,。
10,、郭明義同志先進事跡首場報告會10月11日在北京人民大會堂舉行。郭明義同志是助人為樂的道德模范,,是新時期學(xué)習(xí)實踐雷鋒精神的優(yōu)秀代表,。
此前,香港義工黃福榮在青海玉樹地震中舍己救人的義舉得到了國家的肯定和表彰,。被授予 “抗震救災(zāi)舍己救人杰出義工”稱號,,11、10月17日是聯(lián)合國確定的第十八個“國際消除貧困日”,,今年的活動主題為“縮小貧窮與體面工作之間的差距”,,12、第六次全國人口普查工作2010年11月1日在全國展開,。我國的人口普查每10年開展一次,。13、11月12,,第十六屆亞洲運動會在廣州隆重開幕,,中國體育代表團取得了199枚金牌、416枚獎牌的優(yōu)異成績,,連續(xù)八屆名列亞運會金牌榜首位,。
14、亞太經(jīng)合組織第十八次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會議11月13日在日本橫濱舉行,,國家主席胡錦濤出席當(dāng)天舉行的第一階段會議并發(fā)表重要講話,。
15、我國超級計算機跨入世界領(lǐng)先行列:國家超級計算天津中心的“天河一號”以峰值速度4700萬億次、持續(xù)速度2566萬億次每秒浮點運算的優(yōu)異性能位居世界第一,,國家超級計算深圳中心的“曙光星云”位居第三,。
16、韓國和朝鮮11月23日下午在西部海域存在爭議的“北方界線”附近發(fā)生交火,,半島局勢日趨緊張,。
17、12月3日,,京滬高鐵跑出時速486.1公里,,再次刷新世界鐵路運營試驗最高速。
7月1日上午8時,,我國乃至世界上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最高,、里程最長,、運營速度最快的滬寧城際高速鐵路正式投入運營 18,、12月24日,位于安徽合肥的我國新一代“人造太陽”,、世界首個全超導(dǎo)托卡馬克(east)核聚變實驗裝置2010實驗圓滿結(jié)束,,目前已獲得1兆安等離子體電流、100秒1500萬度偏濾器長脈沖等離子體,、大于30倍能量約束時間高約束模式等離子體,、3兆瓦離子回旋加熱等多項重要實驗成果。
19,、中國共產(chǎn)黨第十七屆中央委員會第五次全體會議,,于2010年10月15日至18日在北京舉行。全會聽取和討論了胡錦濤受中央政治局委托作的工作報告,,審議通過了《中共中央關(guān)于制定國民經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展第十二個五年規(guī)劃的建議》,。20、9月7日,,中國漁船在釣魚島海域被日本海上保安廳巡邏船沖撞,。而后又與追蹤的另兩艘日本巡邏船中的一艘發(fā)生碰撞。隨后日方扣押了中國籍漁船和船員,,9月25日,,被日方非法抓扣的中國船長詹其雄乘中國政府包機安全返抵福州。
21,、今年,,國家大力推進新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險。
新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險,,稱為“新農(nóng)?!保抢^取消農(nóng)業(yè)稅、農(nóng)業(yè)直補,、新型農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療等政策之后的又一項重大惠農(nóng)政策,。采取個人繳費、集體補助和政府補貼相結(jié)合,,其中中央財政將對地方進行補助,,并且會直接補貼到農(nóng)民頭上。從2011年元月起,,年滿60周歲,、未享受城鎮(zhèn)職工基本養(yǎng)老保險待遇的農(nóng)村居民,不用繳費,,可以按月領(lǐng)取基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金55元,。
初高中英語語法總結(jié)篇二
英語語法精髓(15節(jié)課補完初中和高中英語語法)
三張幻燈片就將時態(tài)講得非常全面深刻,把初一到高三的所有時態(tài)用一
節(jié)課講得清清楚楚,,且讓學(xué)生滾瓜爛熟,,運用自如,這是一個非常巨大的創(chuàng)
新,,之所以能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)是因為抓住了時態(tài)的本質(zhì),。時態(tài)一共16種,傳統(tǒng)教育學(xué)一
種就要花約5-10節(jié)課,學(xué)完要花100多節(jié)課,,且要分為中學(xué)六年來學(xué)習(xí),,這是
一個極大的錯誤,因為口語中每一種時態(tài)都可能用到,。而且老師把本來特別
簡單的問題弄得很復(fù)雜,,以至于學(xué)生學(xué)了還是云里霧里。我的方法一針見血,,直擊本質(zhì),。不但一節(jié)課深刻理解,而且還能靈活運用到口語中,。敢問世界還有
誰能做到如此神奇效果,。想了解是怎樣實現(xiàn)的。請看日志《如何讓學(xué)生在一節(jié)
課之內(nèi)學(xué)完16種時態(tài)》,,看了我是如何做到的也就非常相信了,。
不但承諾在10來節(jié)課補完,補好初中,,高中英語所有語法知識,,而且講解細(xì)化
到了這種程度,實屬非常罕見,。
一張幻燈片總結(jié)清楚冠詞的主要用法,,熟練掌握冠詞只需5分鐘不到。
高中生普遍學(xué)不好虛擬語氣,有的學(xué)了幾年也沒能弄清楚,,可是到了我這兒,,只需兩句話10分鐘就講得清清楚楚!
初高中英語語法總結(jié)篇三
中學(xué)英語語法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖全集
中學(xué)英語語法網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖 一.名詞 i.名詞的種類: 專有名詞 普通名詞
國名.地名.人名,,團體.機構(gòu)名稱 可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞
個體名詞 集體名詞 抽象名詞 物質(zhì)名詞 ii.名詞的數(shù):
1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:
名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,,一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es。現(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下: 規(guī)則 例詞 一般情況在詞尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days 以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞 變-f和-fe為v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,,變y為i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities 5 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,,或?qū)S忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-s toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, henry-henrys 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞 一般加-es hero-heroes, negro-negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes 不少外來詞加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos 兩者皆可 zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos 以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 8 以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):
英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,,現(xiàn)歸納如下: 規(guī)則 例詞 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 單復(fù)數(shù)相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式 ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 4 一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù) people, police, cattle, staff 部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party 復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義 customs(海關(guān)), forces(軍隊), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), manners(禮貌), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜), ruins(廢墟)7 表示“某國人” 加-s americans, australians, germans, greeks, swedes, europeans 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 swiss, portuguese, chinese, japanese
以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-women englishmen, frenchwomen 合成名詞 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends 無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches 將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù) women singers, men servants
iii.名詞的所有格:
名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格,。所有格分兩種:一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成,二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成,。前者多表示有生命的東西,,后者多表示無生命的東西。1.’s所有格的構(gòu)成:
單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’s the boy’s father, jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo, 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 一般在末尾加’ the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’ dickens’ novels, charles’s job, the smiths’ house
表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加’s japan’s and america’s problems, jane’s and mary’s bikes 表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加’s japan and america’s problems, jane and mary’s father 表示"某人家""店鋪",,所有格后名詞省略 the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s 2.’s所有格的用法:
1 表示時間 today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday 2 表示自然現(xiàn)象 the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches 表示國家城市等地方的名詞 the country’s plan, the world’s population, china’s industry 4 表示工作群體 the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory 5 表示度量衡及價值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples 6 與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞 the life’s time, the play’s plot 某些固定詞組 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)所有格的用法:
用于無生命的東西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的東西,,尤其是有較長定語時:the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名詞化的詞:the struggle of the oppressed 二.冠詞
冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an),,定冠詞(the),和零冠詞,。i.不定冠詞的用法: 指一類人或事,,相當(dāng)于a kind of a plane is a machine that can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 a boy is waiting for you.3 表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every,,one we study eight hours a day.4 表示“相同”相當(dāng)于the same we are nearly of an age.用于人名前,,表示不認(rèn)識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事 a came to visit you when you were out that boy is rather a lei feng.用于固定詞組中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time 7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 this room is rather a big one.8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后 she is as clever a girl as you can wish to mee.定冠詞的用法: 表示某一類人或物 the horse is a useful animal.用于世上獨一無二的事物名詞前 the universe, the moon, the pacific ocean 3 表示說話雙方都了解的或上文提到過的人或事 would you mind opening the door? 4 用于樂器前面 play the violin, play the guitar 5 用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人 the reach, the living, the wounded 6 表示“一家人”或“夫婦” the greens, the wangs 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前 he is the taller of the two children.用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前 the united states, the communist party of china, the french 用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前 the compass was invented in china.10 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,,指世紀(jì)的某個年代 in the 1990’s 11 用于表示單位的名詞前 i hired the car by the hour.用于方位名詞,,身體部位名詞,及表示時間的詞組前 he patted me on the .零冠詞的用法: 專有名詞,,物質(zhì)名詞,,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前 beijing university, jack, china, love, air 2 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 i want this book, not that one./ whose purse is this? 季節(jié),,月份,,星期,節(jié)假日,,一日三餐前 march, sunday, national day, spring 4 表示職位,,身份,頭銜的名詞前 lincoln was made president of america.5 學(xué)科,語言,,球類,,棋類名詞前 he likes playing football/chess.6 與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前 by train, by air, by land 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時 husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night 8 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前 horses are useful animals.三.代詞:
i.代詞可以分為以下七大類: 人稱代詞 主格 i, you, he, she, it, we, you, they 賓格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them 物主代詞 形容詞性 my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名詞性 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 反身代詞 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 4 指示代詞 this, that, these, those, such, some 疑問代詞 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 6 關(guān)系代詞 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 不定代詞 one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either ii.不定代詞用法注意點: , some與any: 1)one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,,復(fù)數(shù)為ones,。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句,。one should learn to think of you any bookmarks? no, i don’t have any bookmarks.i have some questions to ask.2)some可用于疑問句中,,表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),或者表示建議,,請求等,。
would you like some bananas? could you give me some money? 3)some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,some表示某個,,any表示任何一個,。i have read this article in some correct the mistakes, if any.4)some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”,any可與比較級連用表示程度,。
there are some 3,000 students in this you feel any better today? 和every: each強調(diào)個別,,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上,而every強調(diào)整體,,所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上,。each student has a pocket dictionary./ each(of us)has a dictionary./ we each have a student has strong and weak points./ every one of us has strong and weak 和no:
no等于not any,作定語,。none作主語或賓語,,代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),,代替可數(shù)名詞,,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。
there is no water in the much water is there in the bottle? of the students are(is)afraid of 和another: 1)other泛指“另外的,,別的”常與其他詞連用,,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,the other特指兩者中的另外一個,,復(fù)數(shù)為the others,。如: he held a book in one hand and his notes in the students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2)another指“又一個,另一個”無所指,,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,,泛指“別的人或事”如: i don’t like this shirt, please show me another(one).the trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some like football, while others like 和both, neither和either all表示不可數(shù)名詞時,其謂語動詞用單數(shù),。both和all加否定詞表示部分否定,, of the books are not written in english./ not all of the books are written in of us are not teachers./ not both of us are teachers./ either of us is a teacher.四.形容詞和副詞 i.形容詞: 1.形容詞的位置:
1)形容詞作定語通常前置,,但在下列情況后置: 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時 nobody absent, everything possible 以-able,-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后 the best book available, the only solution possible alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 4 和空間、時間,、單位連用時 a bridge 50 meters long 5 成對的形容詞可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful 6 形容詞短語一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2)多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序: 代詞 數(shù)詞 性狀形容詞 冠詞前的形容詞 冠詞 指示代詞 不定代詞
代詞所有格 序數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞 性質(zhì) 狀態(tài) 大小 長短 形狀 新舊 溫度 顏色 國籍 產(chǎn)地 材料 質(zhì)地 名詞
all both such the a this another your second next one four beautiful good poor large short square new cool black yellow chinese london silk stone 3)復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成: 形容詞+名詞+ed kind-hearted 6 名詞+形容詞 world-famous 2 形容詞+形容詞 dark-blue 7 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving 形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 ordinary-looking 8 名詞+過去分詞 snow-covered 4 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hard-working 9 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-egged 5 副詞+過去分詞 newly-built 10 數(shù)詞+名詞 twenty-year ii.副詞 副詞的分類: 時間副詞 soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 頻度副詞 always, often, frequently, seldom, never 2 地點副詞 here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑問副詞 how, where, when, why 方式副詞 hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 連接副詞 how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile 程度副詞 almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why iii.形容詞和副詞比較等級:
形容詞和副詞的比較等級分為原級,,比較級和最高級。比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成一般是在形容詞和副詞后加-er和-est,,多音節(jié)和一些雙音節(jié)詞前加more 和most,。
1.同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:i am not so good a player as you are.2.可以修飾比較級的詞有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3.表示一方隨另一方變化時用“the more…the more…”句型,。如:the harder you work, the more progress you will make.4.用比較級來表達最高級的意思,。如:i have never spent a more worrying day.5.表示倍數(shù)的比較級有如下幾種句型:
our school is three times larger than yours./our school is four times as large as yours./our school is four times the size of yours.6.表示“最高程度“的形容詞沒有最高級和比較級。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect,。
五.介詞 i.介詞分類: 簡單介詞 about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on 2 合成介詞 inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without 3 短語介詞 according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to 4 雙重介詞 from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5 分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞 considering(就而論), including 6 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞 like, unlike, near, next, opposite ii.常用介詞區(qū)別: 表示時間的in, on, at at表示片刻的時間,,in表示一段的時間,on總是與日子有關(guān) 表示時間的since, from since 指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間,,和完成時連用,,from指從時間的某一點開始 表示時間的in, after in指在一段時間之后,after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范圍內(nèi),,on指與什么毗鄰,,to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分 表示“穿過”的through, across through表示從內(nèi)部通過,,與in有關(guān),,across表示在表面上通過,與on有關(guān) 表示“關(guān)于”的about, on about指涉及到,,on指專門論述 between與among的區(qū)別 between表示在兩者之間,,among用于三者或三者以上的中間 besides與except的區(qū)別 besides指“除了…還有再加上”,,except指“除了,,減去什么”,不放在句首表示“用”的in, with with表示具體的工具,,in表示材料,,方式,方法,,度量,,單位,語言,,聲音as與like的區(qū)別 as意為“作為,,以…地位或身份”,like為“象…一樣”,,指情形相似in與into區(qū)別 in通常表示位置(靜態(tài)),,into表示動向,,不表示目的地或位置
六.動詞 i.動詞的時態(tài):
1.動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種,以ask為例,,將其各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下: 現(xiàn)在時 過去時 將來時 過去將來時 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask
進行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked
完成進行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 2.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別:
1)現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況,,但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,強調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,,它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用,,漢譯英時可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。簡言之,,利用過去,,說明現(xiàn)在。如: i have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.(已經(jīng)看過,,且了解這本書的內(nèi)容)2)一般過去時只表示過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),,和現(xiàn)在無關(guān),它可和表示過去的時間狀語連用,,漢譯英時可加“過”,,“了”等詞。簡言之,,僅談過去,,不關(guān)現(xiàn)在。如:
i read the novel last month.(只說明上個月看了,,不涉及現(xiàn)在是否記住)i lived in beijing for ten years.(只說明在北京住過十年,,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))3.現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時的區(qū)別:
兩者都可以表示“從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”,在含義上如著重表示動作的結(jié)果時,,多用現(xiàn)在完成時,,如著重表示動作一直在進行,即動作的延續(xù)性時,,則多用現(xiàn)在完成進行時,。一般不能用于進行時的動詞也不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
i have read that book.我讀過那本書了,。
i have been reading that book all the morning.我早上一直在讀那本書,。4.一般將來時的表達方式: 將來時 用法 例句 will/shall+動詞原形 表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài) my sister will be ten next going to+動詞原形 含有“打算,計劃,,即將”做某事,,或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事 it’s going to clear ’re going to have a party + doing 進行時表示將來 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作 he is moving to the they leaving for europe? be about to + 動詞原形 表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作,后面一般不跟時間狀語 i was about to leave when the bell meeting is about to to + 動詞原形 表示按計劃進行或征求對方意見 we’re to meet at the school gate at noon.6 一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來 時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來 the meeting starts at five o’ plane leaves at ten this .動詞的被動語態(tài):
常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 常用被動語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are asked 6 過去進行時 was/were being asked 2 一般過去時 was/were asked 7 現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has been asked 3 一般將來時 shall/will be asked 8 過去完成時 had been asked 過去將來時 should/would be asked 9 將來完成時 will/would have been asked 5 現(xiàn)在進行時 am/is/are being asked 10 含有情態(tài)動詞的 can/must/may be asked 注
意
事
項 被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not,,短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。固定結(jié)構(gòu)be going to, used to, have to, had better變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài)時,,只需將其后的動詞變?yōu)楸粍討B(tài),。如: trees should not be planted in summer./ the boy was made fun of by his pers used to be sent here by the little girl.漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語,,在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如: it is believed that… it is generally considered that… it is said that… it is well known that… it must be pointed out that… it is supposed that… it is reported that… it must be admitted that… it is hoped that… 下面主動形式常表示被動意義:如:
the window wants/needs/requires book is worth reading door won’t shut./ the play won’t clothes washes well./ the book sells dish tastes delicious./ water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài):
leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等
七.情態(tài)動詞
i.情態(tài)動詞基本用法:
情態(tài)動詞 用法 否定式 疑問式與簡答
can 能力(體力,,智力,,技能)允許或許可(口語中常用)
可能性(表猜測,用于否定句或疑問句中)can not / cannot /can’t do can…do…? yes,…,…can’ couldn’t do
may 可以(問句中表示請求)可能,,或許(表推測)
祝愿(用于倒裝句中)may not do may…do…? yes,…,…mustn’t/can’ might not do might…do…? yes,…might no,…might 必須,,應(yīng)該(表主觀要求)
肯定,想必(肯定句中表推測)must not/mustn’t do must…do…? yes,…,…needn’t/don’t have to 只好,,不得不(客觀的必須,,有時態(tài)人稱變化)don’t have to do do…h(huán)ave to do…? yes,…,…don’ to 應(yīng)當(dāng)(表示義務(wù)責(zé)任,口語中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t to do ought…to do…? yes,…,…oughtn’ 將要,,會
用于一三人稱征求對方意見
用于二三人稱表示許諾,、命令、警告,、威脅等 shall not/shan’t do shall…do…? yes,…,…shan’ 應(yīng)當(dāng),,應(yīng)該(表義務(wù)責(zé)任)
本該(含有責(zé)備意味)should not/shouldn’t do should…do…? will 意愿,,決心
請求,,建議,,用在問句中would比較委婉 will not/won’t do will…do…? yes,…,…won’ would not/wouldn’t do
dare 敢(常用于否定句和疑問句中)dare not/daren’t do dare…do…? yes,…,…daren’ 需要
必須(常用于否定句和疑問句中)need not/needn’t do need…do…? yes,…,…needn’ to 過去常常(現(xiàn)在已不再)used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do used…to do…? yes,…,…use(d)n’…use to do…? yes,…,…didn’.情態(tài)動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測:
以must為例。must + do(be)是推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進行,;must + be doing 推測可能正在進行的事情,;must +have done是推測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情,?!翱隙?,一定”語氣強,只用于肯定句中,。
he must be a man from america./ he must be talking with his friend./ he must have already arrived 和might“也許”,,后者語氣弱,更沒有把握,??捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň洹e may not be at home./ they might have finished their 和could“可能”,,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t語氣強,,用于肯定,、否定、疑問句中,。the weather in that city could be cold could have walked there;it was so near.(推測某事本來可能發(fā)生,,但實際上沒有發(fā)生)
can he be in the office now? no, he can’t be there, for i saw him in the library just now.(語氣很強,,常用于疑問句和否定句中)iii.情態(tài)動詞注意點:
和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表達“某事終于成功”,,而can無法表達此意,。be able to有更多的時態(tài)。另外,,兩者不能重疊使用,。
to和would: used to表示過去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣,而would只表示過去的習(xí)慣或喜好,,不涉及現(xiàn)在,。
和dare作情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞的區(qū)別: 兩者作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為:needn’t/daren’t do,;need/dare…do…?
做實義動詞時可用于肯定句,,否定句和疑問句。其形式為:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/dare to do
八.非謂語動詞
i.非謂語動詞的分類,、意義及構(gòu)成: 非謂語形式 構(gòu)成 特征和作用
時態(tài)和語態(tài) 否定式 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
不定式 to do to be doing
to have done to be done to have been done 在非謂語前加not for do sth.具有名詞,,副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做主、賓,、定,、表和狀語
分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 doing having done being done having been done 具有副詞和形容詞的作用 在句中做定、表,、賓補和狀語
過去分詞 done 動名詞 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名詞的作用 在句中做主,、賓、定和表語
ii.做賓語的非謂語動詞比較: 情況 常用動詞
只接不定式做賓語的動詞 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen
只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語 mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider
can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to
兩者都可以 意義基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具體的動作,,接動名詞多指一般或習(xí)慣行為)
need, want, require(接動名詞主動形式表示被動意義,,若接不定式則應(yīng)用被動形式)
意義相反 stop to do 停止手中事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事
意義不同 remember/forget/regret to do(指動作尚未發(fā)生)
remember/forget/regret doing(指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)go on to do(接著做另外一件事)go on doing(接著做同一件事)
try to do(設(shè)法,,努力去做,,盡力)
try doing(試試去做,看有何結(jié)果)mean to do(打算做,,企圖做)mean doing(意識是,,意味著)
can’t help to do(不能幫忙做)can’t help doing(忍不住要做)iii.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的區(qū)別:
常見動詞 與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念 例句
不定式 ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage 主謂關(guān)系。強調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成 i heard him call me several , notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make 現(xiàn)在分詞
notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel 主謂關(guān)系,。強調(diào)動作正在進行,,尚未完成 i found her listening to the radio.過去分詞 動賓關(guān)系。動作已經(jīng)完成,,多強調(diào)狀態(tài) we found the village greatly .非謂語動詞做定語的區(qū)別: 區(qū)別 舉例
不定式 與被修飾詞往往有動賓關(guān)系,,一般式表示將來,進行式表示與謂語動作同時發(fā)生,,完成式表示在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生 i have a lot of papers to type.i have a lot of papers to be typed.動名詞 通常指被修飾詞的用途,,無邏輯上的任何關(guān)系 shall we go to the swimming pool?
現(xiàn)在分詞 與被修飾詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,,表示動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生 the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves / the fallen leaves
過去分詞 與被修飾詞之間是被動關(guān)系,表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前,,現(xiàn)已經(jīng)完成 v.非謂語動詞做主語和表語的區(qū)別: 區(qū)別 舉例
不定式 多表示一個特定的具體的將來的動作,,做主語時可以借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表語有時可和主語交換位置,,而且意義不變,,并且還能用what來提問主語或表語。my dream is to become a obey the law is important.(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task做主語時常用)
動名詞 與不定式的功能區(qū)別不大,,然而它更接近于名詞,,表示的動作比較抽象,或者泛指習(xí)慣性的動作,,有時也可以用it做形式主語,,做表語時可以和主語互換位置。it is no use saying that again and ng is my job.分詞 無名詞的性質(zhì),,不能做主語,。但是有形容詞的性質(zhì),可以做表語,,多表明主語的特征性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)等,,可被very, quite, rather等副詞修飾。
現(xiàn)在分詞多含有“令人…, , ”之意,,說明主語的性質(zhì)特征,,多表示主動,主語多為物,。過去分詞一般表示被動或主語所處的狀態(tài),,含有“感到…”之意,主語多是人,。the situation is book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其-ed形式)
九.定語從句 i.定語從句起了形容詞的作用,,在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用,二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分,,并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致,。
關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例句 備注
關(guān)系代詞 who 人 主語 do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時,??梢允÷?,但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that whom 人 賓語 is the person with whom i am working the boy(whom)she loved died in the war..whose 人,,物 定語 i like those books whose topics are about boy whose father works abroad is my 人,,物 主語,賓語 a plane is a machine that can is the pop star(that)i want to see very 物 主語,,賓語 the book(which)i gave you was worth $ picture which was about the accident was 人,,物 主語,賓語 he is such a person as is respected by all of is the same pen as i lost 做賓語一般不省略
關(guān)系副詞 when 時間 時間狀語 i will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which where 地點 地點狀語 this is the house where i was born.可用in which
why 原因 原因狀語 i can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which 與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別: 情況 用法說明 例句
只用that的情況 1. 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時,。2. 先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時 3. 先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時 4. 先行詞既指人又指物時
5. 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時
6. 句中已經(jīng)有who或which時,,為了避免重復(fù)時 told me everything that he the books that you offered has been given is the best film that i have ever talked about the persons and things that we is the only man that i want to is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情況 1. 在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,,用who/whom指人 2. 在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,,只能用which指物,whom指人,。
3. 先行詞本身是that時,,關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。he has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.i like the person to whom the teacher is who respect others are usually respected by 與which的區(qū)別: 定語從句 區(qū)別 例句
限制性定語從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時,,關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which he is not such a fool as he ’t read such books as you can’t understand.非限制性定語從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個主句,。如果有“正如,象”的含義,,并可以放在主句前,,也可以放在后面,那么用as,;而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后,,并無“正如”的意思。they won the game, as we had won the game, which we hadn’t is well known, he is a famous film star in the .限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別: 類別 語法意義及特征 例句
限制性定語從句 對先行詞起修飾限制作用,,如果去掉,,主句意思就不完整明確,這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切,,寫時不用逗號分開,。the accident happened at the time when i left.非限制性定語從句 對先行詞作附加的說明,與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切,,較松散,。從句和主句之間用逗號分開,相當(dāng)于一個插入語,,不能用that引導(dǎo),,關(guān)系代詞做賓語時也不能省略。his mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.十.名詞性從句
種類 作用 常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞 例句
主語從句 在復(fù)合句中做主語,,相當(dāng)于名詞,,一般置謂語之前,也可用it作形式主語,主語從句放主句之后 that, whether, if, as if, as though, who, whose, which, how, when, where, why, what, whatever, whoever, wherever whether he will come or not doesn’t matter r comes here will be welcome.表語從句 在復(fù)合句中做表語,,相當(dāng)于名詞,,位于系動詞之后 it looks as if it is going to snow.賓語從句 在復(fù)合句中做賓語,相當(dāng)于名詞 he asked me which team could win the game.同位語從句 放在名詞之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等)表明其具體內(nèi)容 you have no idea how worried we fact that he lied again greatly surprised us.十一,。狀語從句 種類 連接詞 注意點
時間狀語 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly 主句表示將來意義時,,從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時;while引導(dǎo)的從句中動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,;until用在肯定句中主句動詞是延續(xù)性的,,而否定句中主句動詞為短暫性的。
地點狀語 where, wherever
原因狀語 because, as, since, now that because語氣最強,,since較弱,,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之,。
條件狀語 if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition that 從句中動詞時態(tài)不可用將來時,,常用一般時代替
目的狀語 so that, in order that, for fear that so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情態(tài)動詞
結(jié)果狀語 so…that, such…that
比較狀語 than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more
方式狀語 as if, as though, as as if 和as though引導(dǎo)的從句一般用虛擬語氣。
讓步狀語 though, although, even if, even though, as, no matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no matter when, whenever as在讓步狀語從句中常用倒裝形式,;although和though用正常語序,,可和yet連用,但不可和but連用
十二,。倒裝句 種類 倒裝條件 例句
完全倒裝 here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副詞開頭的句子表示強調(diào) out rushed the children.表示地點的介詞短語作狀語位于句首 under the tree stood two tables and four chairs.強調(diào)表語,,置于句首,或為保持句子平衡 present at the meeting were 1,000 students.部分倒裝 never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until, not等表示否定意義的副詞放于句首 hardly did i know what had 和修飾的狀語放于句首 only then did he realized the importance of only…but also連接并列的句子,,前倒后不倒 not only does he know french, but also he is expert at r…nor…連接并列的句子,,前后都倒裝 neither do i know it, nor do i care about …that, such…that中的so或such及修飾的成分放于句首時前倒后不倒 so busy is he that he can not go on a 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語 child as he is, he has learned a , neither或nor表示前句內(nèi)容也適用于另外的人或事。he can play the can i.用于表示祝愿的祈使句中 may you be in good health!省略if的虛擬條件 were i you, i would not do it in this way.十三,。虛擬語氣 類別 用法 例句
if引導(dǎo)的條件從句 與現(xiàn)在事實相反 從句動詞:過去式(be用were)
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形 if he were here, he would help us.與過去事實相反 從句動詞:had+過去分詞
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞 if i had been free, i would have visited you.與將來事實相反 從句動詞:過去式 / should+動詞原形 / were+不定式
主句動詞:should/would/could/might+動詞原形 if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.其它狀語從句 as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用過去式或過去完成式 they are talking as if they had been friends for order that / so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can / could / may / might / would等+動詞原形 turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.賓語從句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+動詞原形 he suggested that we not change our 后的從句中分別用過去式,,過去完成式和should/would+動詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在,過去和將來情況相反 i wish i could be a pop singer.主語從句 在it is necessary / important / strange that…, it is suggested / demanded / ordered / requested that… 等從句中,,謂語動詞用should+動詞原形 it is strange that such a person should be our friends.其它句型中 it is time that…句型中動詞用過去式或should+動詞原形 it’s high time that we lef rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式 i would rather you stayed at home only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式,,表示強烈的愿望 if only our dream had come true!
十四。重要句型
was not until midnight that he finished his until he came back from abroad was i able to see him harder you work, the greater progress you will walked around the house, gun in you be in good health! you a pleasant journey back home! professor was a humorous man with big nose and deep-set surprised me most was his imagination and lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at the sky and his hands under his g under the tree are and his first the wall hang two pictures of famous g back upon those past years, he couldn’t help feeling very sooner(hardly)had he arrived at the theatre than(when)the play as he is, he has learned advanced i regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! stands a beautiful vase in the corner of the miles north of the town lies a paper goes the e has the world ever seen such a bird as is no use crying for only i had been your student in the middle school! is believed that such a thing will not happen when he explained did i realize the reason for this.24.“he works particularly hard.” “so he does, and so do you.”
only alice but also jane and mary are tired of having one examination after was albert einstein, a simple person of great achievements.十五,。動詞搭配 to增加,,增進 add … to把…加進… add up相加
add up to總計,所有這一切說明
1)i don't think these facts will ________ anything.2)fifty new books have been ________ the library.3)the music _________ our enjoyment of the film.4)you must have made a mistake when you _______ the bill ________.(add up to, added to, add to, added…up) away from打破,,脫離,,掙脫,改掉 break down出毛病,,身體(精神)衰弱,,分解,,拆開 break off暫停,中斷 break in強行進入,,插話 break into闖入
break into pieces成為碎片 break out爆發(fā)
break up搗碎,,驅(qū)散,瓦解,,學(xué)期結(jié)束,,拆散 break through突破
1)the criminal managed to break _______ ______ the police and ran into the woods.2)when he heard the news, he broke _______ and cried.3)don't break ________ while others are speaking.4)why don't you break ________ for a few minutes and have some coffee? 5)when does school break ________? 6)after harvest we break _________ the soil with a tool pulled by two oxen.(away from, down, in, off, up, up) up撫養(yǎng),,嘔吐,,提出 bring about造成 bring out拿出,出版 bring in引入,,引進,,掙錢 bring back使回想起 bring down使下降,使倒下
1)the shopkeeper brought his price _________ to only five dollars.2)the school has brought _________ new foreign teachers to teach oral english.3)the song brought ___________ happy memories of our schooldays.4)do you know what brought ___________ this misunderstanding? 5)the kind old man agreed to bring __________ the young orphan.6)we decided to bring the matter ___ at the next meeting.7)the wind brought _______ a lot of trees last night.8)next month they will bring ________ a new edition of the book.(down, in, back, about, up, up, down, out) on號召,,拜訪(某人)call at拜訪,、參觀(某地)call for去叫某人, 要求, 需要 call up使回憶起, 征召入伍 call in召集,請某人來 call out大喊,,高叫 call off取消,,不舉行
1)doctors are often called _____ in the middle of the war.2)please wait for me at home.i'll call _______ you at your house at seven tonight.3)the trains calls _______ several big cities between beijing and guangzhou.4)he called her name __________, but she didn't answer.5)the sports meet was called ____ on account of the rain.(in, for, at, out, off) about發(fā)生,出現(xiàn) come down下跌,,落,,降,傳下來 come in進來
come into(sight/being/existence/use/notice/effect)come on來臨/ 快點 come out出版,,結(jié)果是 come along一道來,,趕快
come to達到(an end/an agreement/a stop)蘇醒,合計,,總共是 come over走過來 come up發(fā)芽,,走近come across偶然碰到 come back回想起 come from來自,源自
1)i come _________ the book i lent you last month.2)how did it come _________ that you both got lost? i thought you had a map.3)it suddenly came _________ to me where i had seen the boy before.4)come __________ now, or else we shall be late.5)he came __________ me like a tiger.6)the price of petrol has come _________ since the beginning of this year.7)the word came __________ use many years ago.8)when the examination result came _________, he had already got a job.9)the bill came __________ over a thousand dollars.10)i sowed the seeds over a month ago, but they haven't come __________ yet.(for, about, back, on, at, down, into, out, to, up) across抄近路 cut down砍倒,,削減
cut off切斷,,割掉,斷絕關(guān)系 cut up連根拔除,,切碎 through剪斷,,鑿穿 cut out刪(省)掉,,戒掉 cut in插嘴
1)don't cut ___ this will be very shady in summer.2)you must cut ________ the number of cigarettes you smoke, or it will cause illness.3)we decided to cut _________ the moor(曠野)to the village.4)cutting the tree ____ means cutting the tree into pieces.5)the electricity was cut ___________ when the lady refused to pay the bill.6)we were having a pleasant conversation when tom cut __________.(down, down, across, up, off, in)
of(disease/hunger/grief/old age)死于(疾病,,饑餓,寒冷,,情感原因)die from死于(意外事故,、情形)die away漸漸消逝 die out絕種 die down(爐火)漸熄 die off逐一死去 behind落后 fall over one's feet 跌跤 fall down掉下,跌倒 fall back撤退,后退
1)babies often fall _____ when they are learning to walk.2)our team seems to have fallen __________ the others.3)as soon as the enemies fell __________, the people returned to their village.4)she fell__________ the bench and had her leg broken.(down, behind, back, over) in for從事,,喜愛,,參加 go through通過,經(jīng)受 go over復(fù)習(xí),,檢查
go up(價格)上漲,,建造起來 go after追捕,追趕 go against違反
go ahead先行,,開始吧,,問吧,說吧 go away離開 go by時間過去
go down下沉,,降低,,(日、月)西沉 go on(with)繼續(xù)進行 go with相配,,陪同 go without沒有,,缺少 go out外出,熄滅 go all out全力以赴
go off爆炸,,進行,,變壞,斷電,,停止供應(yīng) go back on背約,,食言 go beyond超出
1)many new factories have gone __ in the past few years.2)rents have gone __________ greatly recently.3)many years have gone ___________ since we first met.4)let's continue our journey until the sun goes _______.5)his actions went ___________ the will of the people, 6)i can't do it, for it goes ___________ my duty.7)over 100 students went ____________ this entrance examination.8)the bomb went ____________ and killed ten people.9)the buyer went ___________ the car carefully before reaching a decision.10)this tie doesn't go ___________ my blue shirt.11)if you think you can solve the problem, go ______.12)many students went __________ playing basketball.(up, up, by, down, against, beyond, through, off, over, with, ahead, in for) down下來,記下,,使沮喪 get down to致力于,,專心于 get on進展,進步,,穿上,,上車 get off脫下,下車 get in收集,插(話)get away逃跑,,逃脫,,去休假 get over忘記,越過,,克服,,從疾病中恢復(fù) get along with進展,,相處 get up起床
get through打通電話,,完成,,通過 get round消息傳開
get close to sth.接近,幾乎 get into(trouble)get to(know)get back取回,,收回 get out 1)she spoke so fast that i couldn't get ____ what he said.2)we will find ways to get _________ difficulties.3)the story has got __________, and everyone knows about it.4)when i get _________ with the report, i'll go to the cinema.5)after a delicious meal the two men got __________ to business.6)don't always get __________ a word when others are speaking.7)it took me a long time to get ___________ such an unpleasant experience.(down, over, round, through, down, in, over) away贈送,,泄露,,出賣 give out發(fā)出,疲勞,,分發(fā),,公布 give off發(fā)出(光、熱,、氣體)give in(to sb.)屈服 give up放棄,,讓(座位)
1)his accent at last gave him __________.2)the liquid gave ________ a strong smell.3)the headmaster gave ___________ the names of the prize-winners.4)the soldiers gave _________ the town to the enemies.5)who will help me to give the books ___________? 6)don't believe in those who give his friends ________.7)after a long walk, my strength gave ____________.(away, off, out, up, out, away, out) in交上,提交 hand out分發(fā) hand down流傳,,遺傳 about閑逛 hang up掛電話
back阻止,,隱瞞 hold up舉起,使停頓 hold on別掛電話,,等,,堅持 hold out持續(xù),堅持,,伸出 hold down控制,鎮(zhèn)壓
1)i'm sure he is holding something _________.2)she managed to hold ______ her emotion until her guests had she cried.3)tell him to hold ________ a moment.i'll come soon.4)our food supply won't hold _________ for more than a few days.5)the train was held ________ as a result of the floods.6)these measures helped to hold ___________ the city's population.7)hold ___________ your left arm, please.(back, back, on, out, up, down, up) up(courage, english, spirits)保持,,keep up with跟上
keep off(grass)不接近,,離開
keep away from避開,不接近,,離…遠遠的 keep out of keep to(rules, promise)堅持,,遵守 keep on繼續(xù),堅持下來
keep back阻止,,留下,,隱瞞,扣下 keep from克制,,阻止
1)the angry lady told the strangers to keep ________ from her.2)i can hardly keep ________ my tears after hearing his words.3)only pride kept her __________ bursting into tears.4)i can scarcely keep __________ asking him what he has done.5)“don't touch me,” screamed the woman, “keep __________!” 6)keep _________ until you succeed.7)keep _________ your courage, and you'll succeed in the end.8)the thick coat can keep the cold ___________.9)always try to keep ___________ the rules when you play a game.10)i can't keep ________ with everything you're doing.(away, back, from, from, off, on, up, out, to, up) at/on敲 knock into撞到某人身上 knock down撞倒 knock out of把…敲出 knock over撞倒
knock off停止工作,,休息
1)the boxer soon knocked his opponent _________.2)the office stuff knocks _________ at six every day.3)try knocking __________ the window and see if there is anyone indoors.4)he was so absorbed in his book that he knocked __________ the car parked there.(down, off, on, into) for離開前往 leave out刪去,遺漏 leave behind遺留,忘記拿走 leave to留給,,遺囑贈于 leave over遺留,,剩下,延期
1)“whose name has been left __________?” demanded the teacher.2)when he died, he left all his property _____ his niece.3)he suddenly realized that he had left his umbrella ___________.4)don't leave this matter _________ until tomorrow.5)leave some meat ___________ for tomorrow.6)those are questions left _________ by history.(out, to, behind, over, over, over) up查找,,向上看 look through翻閱,,瀏覽 look on旁觀 look on…as看作 look into調(diào)查
look after/ at / for 照顧/看/尋找 look out(for)當(dāng)心
look about / around/round四下查看 look down upon瞧不起 look back upon回憶,回顧 look and down仔細(xì)打量某人 look ab in the face/eyes直視某人
1)i spent two hours looking ______ the students' papers.2)look _______!there is a big hole in front.3)he took part in the game, and the rest of us just looked ______ and cheered for him.4)the old man looked _____ upon the days of his youth.5)she was so snobbish(勢利)that she looked __________ upon all his neighbours.6)the police promised to look __________ the case as soon as possible.7)he looked __________ but saw nobody, and he listened but hear nothing.(through, out, on, back, down, into, about/around/round) up編造,,配制,,打扮,組成 make up for彌補
make into / of / from 制成
make out弄懂,,發(fā)現(xiàn),,看出,填寫,,開列(清單)make for走向,駛往,,促使
1)can you make this length of cloth __________ a suit? 2)i asked the driver if he was making ___________ london? 3)my father made __________ a check for me to buy the camera.4)we must make the loss _________ next week./ he tried hard to make ________ for the damage he had done.5)he made __________ a story, which i found hard to believe.6)someone is coming, but i can't make ___________ who it is.(into, for, out, up/up, up, out) away去世 pass by經(jīng)過
pass down(on)…to傳給 pass through經(jīng)歷 pass over漠視,,忽視
1)the old clock has been passed ________ to me from my grandfather's grandfather.2)the man passed ___________ last week in peace.3)we are passing ____________ difficult times.4)the secretary passed ___________ the details in the first part of his report.(down, away, through, over) back還錢,報復(fù)
pay for付錢,,為…受到懲罰,,因…得到報應(yīng) pay off還清
1)how much did you pay __________ the dictionary? 2)you should pay _________ the money you borrowed from me.3)i'll pay him ____________ for all his crimes(罪行)against me.4)some day, you'll pay __________ what you have done today.5)has she pay ____________ the debt yet?(for, back, back, for, off)
up拾起,獲得(information),,接人,,站起,收聽,,自然習(xí)得(language /knowledge),,恢復(fù)重獲(pick up health)pick out挑選,辨認(rèn),,看出
1)i picked the information __________ while waiting in the queue.2)my friend has arranged to pick me _________ at 6:00.3)the patient has picked _________ health during the last two weeks.4)she picked _______ the most expensive pair of shoes.5)i can't pick john ___________ in the crowd.6)can i pick __________ voa with this short-wave radio? 7)he fell down suddenly, but picked himself ___________ quickly.(up, up, up, out, out, up, up)pick cotton/flower/leaves/words選詞
up搭起,,張貼,舉起,,安裝,,投宿,安排住下 put up with忍受 put out伸出,,撲滅 put off推遲 put into放進,,翻譯 put away放好,存錢 put down記下,,平息
put on穿戴,,上映,增加(put on weight/speed)put forward 提出,,提前 put through 接通電話 put aside放到一邊 put back放回
1)he put _________ half his wage every week.2)the government soon put __________ the revolt(**).3)put your watch 's slow.4)he put __________ his hand for me to shake.5).please put me __________ to extension(分機)2.6)we put ___________ for night at the village inn.7)he is very proud, and he often put _________ airs.(擺架子)8)we had a telephone put _____________ in our office.9)i can't put __________ with your laziness.(away, down, forward, out, through, up, on, up, up) down拆掉,,推翻 pull on匆匆穿上 / off 脫 pull in進站 pull out取出,(火車)離站 pull down往下拉,拆毀 pull over駛到一邊
pull through恢復(fù)健康,渡過難關(guān),脫離險境 pull up(使)停住
1)the train slowly pulled __________ and disappeared in the distance.2)all the old houses here have now been pulled ______, and new ones are to be built.3)the car pulled _________ when i blew the horn.4)the doctor thinks the man will pull __________.5)the driver pulled ________ at the traffic lights.(out, down, over, through, up) over推倒,刮倒
push ahead(on, forward)繼續(xù)前進,,堅持下去 push through排除困難辦好謀事,,努力設(shè)法通過,擠過
1)we've decided to push __________ with our plan to build a new road 2)many trees were pushed __________ in the hurricane.3)they were determined to push the new rules ________ at any cost..4)take care not to push the baby _________.5)they pushed ___________ the crowd and at last reached us.(on, over, through, over, through) across偶然碰到 run after追逐,,追捕 run away逃跑 run for競選
run into偶然碰到(困難)遇見(人),,相撞 run out of用完
1)if you drive so fast, you'll run _________ someone some day.2)i ran __________ a friend of mine in the exhibition.3)our water has run you fill up some more bottles? 4)why do you always run __________ adventure? 5)he didn't want to run ___________ president that year.6)in that way you will only run __________ difficulties.(into, across/into, out, after, for, into) off送行 see through看透,識破 see to照料,,照管 for派人去請 send off送行
send out發(fā)出(光亮)等 send up發(fā)射 up建立
set off出發(fā),,觸發(fā),引起 set out動身,,著手(to do),,陳述 set about開始著手(doing)set to work(n.)開始做 set back撥回,,使推遲
1)i shall set my watch ___________ by five minutes.2)we set __________ reading the text aloud immediately the bell rang.3)we set _________ at daybreak yesterday and we've been travelling ever since then.4)i set __________ to advise him not to drink.5)what were the reasons he set ___________ in his report? 6)the president set __________ a special group of soldiers to guard him.7)the unpopular law set _________ a series of protests.(抗議)(back, about, off/out, out, out, up, off) off脫掉,起飛 take on呈現(xiàn) 雇傭 take away拿走 take in吸收,,領(lǐng)會 take up從事,,占用(時間空間)take down記錄,取下 take back收回 take for誤認(rèn)為 take along隨身帶 take over接管 take out 1)i take _________ all i said about his dishonesty.2)he went to the shelf and took __________ a book of poems.3)at first i took him _________ a doctor.4)i can see that most of you have taken ________ everything that the teacher taught.5)bill has now taken __________ his father's business.6)my job takes __________ most of my time.7)the boss took ____________ twenty people for his new company.(back, down, for, in, over, up, on)take charge of負(fù)責(zé), take granted想當(dāng)然, take hold of抓住, take pride in以… ……為自豪, take the place of, 代替take turns to do輪流做, take office就職 of想起 think of…as把…看作 think out想出 think up想出 think about考慮 think over仔細(xì)考慮 think well of sb.對某人看法好 off / on打開
turn over翻身,,反復(fù)考慮,,翻(書頁),翻轉(zhuǎn) turn out證明為,,結(jié)果,,制造成品 turn to轉(zhuǎn)向,求助 turn down調(diào)低,,拒絕 turn against變得敵視,,反對 turn away打發(fā)走,驅(qū)逐,,轉(zhuǎn)過臉去 turn back返回,轉(zhuǎn)回去 turn round轉(zhuǎn)過身來
turn up向上翻,,露面,,出現(xiàn),音量調(diào)大 turn in上繳
turn upside down把倒置,,弄得亂七八糟
1)the child turned __________ its mother for comfort.2)turn ___________ and let me see your face.3)however much he turned the problem ________ in mind, he could find no satisfactory solution.4)the english evening party turned _________ a great success.5)the sight of the accident was too much for her to bear, and she turned _______.6)the football stadium was full, and many people had to be turned __________.7)the army turned him ___________ on account of(因為)his poor health.8)she turned the whole house ___________ in her search for her missing purse.9)where did your purse turn ____________? i found it in the snow.10)the villagers suddenly turned __________ the foreigners who lived nearby.11)the factory turns ____________ 2000 new cars last year.(to, round, over, out, away, away, down, upside down, up, against, out)
初高中英語語法總結(jié)篇四
各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo),,各位姐妹:
大家好!在這個春光燦爛的日子里,,我們迎來了第101個國際勞
動婦女節(jié),,一個專屬于我們女性的節(jié)日。它體現(xiàn)了社會對女性的關(guān)愛,,對女性的尊重,,對女性的理解。充滿了體貼和愛心,,帶給我們的是自尊自信,,樂觀向上的精神。在這個特殊的日子里,,我要向各位姐妹以及我自己說一聲“節(jié)日快樂”,。
在過去的一年,,我們經(jīng)歷了8.12特大洪水災(zāi)害,一場百年不遇的大災(zāi)難,,它的破壞力和殺傷力對黃渚人民所造成的傷害和損失是難以計量的,。但是,在這場災(zāi)難面前,,我們沒有被打倒,,而是以堅強樂觀的心態(tài)抵御災(zāi)害,保衛(wèi)家園,。尤其是我們的婦女同胞,,更是展現(xiàn)了巾幗不讓須眉的風(fēng)范,她們在精神上和實際行動上都為抗洪救災(zāi)做出了巨大貢獻,,無論家里受災(zāi)與否,,大家都積極投入到抗洪第一線,不怕苦,,不怕累,,團結(jié)一心,,眾志成城,。這就是我們黃渚的女性同胞,,自強不息,,永不服輸,。在此,,我要向各位姐妹道一聲“大家辛苦了”,。
我們作為女性感到驕傲和自豪,在我們的前后,,在我們的周圍有
這么多偉大的女性。姐妹們,,你是否想到要加入這偉大的行列呢,?偉大的女性,,要付出巨大的犧牲,你是否愿將你的畢生精力投到這偉大的事業(yè)中去呢,?姐妹們,接下來我們將面臨更嚴(yán)峻的考驗,,因為我們即將要投入到災(zāi)后重建的工作中去了,。這項工作任重而道遠,需要我們的積極參與和大力支持。我相信,大水能沖垮房屋,,卻沖不垮我們對美好生活的信心,,只要我們肯干,,一切都會好起來的,。
時代在變化,,人的觀念也要與時俱進,,新世紀(jì)的宏偉大業(yè),,為廣
大婦女提供了施展才華的廣闊舞臺,新時代的廣大婦女要進一步樹立“自尊、自信,、自立、自強”精神,,在新形勢和新任務(wù)面前,,堅持解放思想、實事求是,,以與時俱進的思想觀念和奮發(fā)有為的精神狀態(tài),,勇于創(chuàng)新,開拓進取,,在經(jīng)濟和社會發(fā)展中大顯身手,,在實現(xiàn)自身價值的同時創(chuàng)造出無愧于時代的新業(yè)績。
俗話說:根扎的越深,,樹就長的越高,,步踏的越實,路才能走的越遠,。我們必須腳踏實地,,努力奮斗。時代向我們發(fā)出了召喚,,十二五的號角已經(jīng)響起,,重建的大旗已經(jīng)升起,讓我們積極行動起來,,齊心協(xié)力,,共創(chuàng)美好明天!
謝謝大家,!
初高中英語語法總結(jié)篇五
topic3 bicycles are popular with people
一,、重點詞匯:
(一)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換:
(動詞)die(形容詞)dead 2 slow(副詞)slowly
ng(動詞)cross 介詞)across s(動詞)succeed(形容詞successful
5.pain(形容詞)painful (名詞)leader
(副詞)finally 8impossible(反義詞)possiblecourage(動詞)encourage
(二)重點詞組:
1.slow down 減速
into 撞到
doing sth 避免 防止做某事
sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事
into 進入 躋身于get used to(doing)習(xí)慣于做某事
7.a sharp turn 急轉(zhuǎn)彎
popular with 受……的歡迎
a fine 處以罰金
on doing sth 繼續(xù)做某事
way to success 成功之路
the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則 the traffic rules 違反交通規(guī)則 afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 famous for 因……聞名
in danger 處于危險中
a while 一會兒
二. 重點句型及重點語言點
1.i think traffic in beijing is crazy.我認(rèn)為北京的交通很擁堵。
traffic 是不可數(shù)名詞
people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents.如果人們都遵守交通規(guī)則,,交通事故將會減少,。
if we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人們違反交通規(guī)則,將很危險,,我們會受到處罰的,。
這是if 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時,。
3.i feel a little more confident.我感到自信多了。
more confident 是比較級
can help us save energy and avoid pollution.這樣可以節(jié)約能源以及避免空氣污染,。avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事
you should avoid making the mistake like ran into the wall to avoid hitting the es are popular with people.自行車深受人們歡迎,。be popular with 受……歡迎 6 it warns us to be more sb(not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某
事
he warned her to keep sb about sth 提醒某人某事
people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人認(rèn)為自行車比其他交通工具要安全些,。
8..however, his way to success didn’t go well.然而,他的成功之路并非一帆風(fēng)順,。
the way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功
i didn’t have much success in finding a job.我找工作沒什么結(jié)果。
9.like the other challenges in his life, lance faced it head-on.像面對生命中其他挑戰(zhàn)一樣,,蘭斯迎頭面對,。
10.it seems impossible to beat him.打敗他似乎是不可能的。
beat sb 打敗某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal
it seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……
she always seems to be sad.