每個人都曾試圖在平淡的學(xué)習(xí),、工作和生活中寫一篇文章。寫作是培養(yǎng)人的觀察,、聯(lián)想,、想象、思維和記憶的重要手段,。范文書寫有哪些要求呢,？我們怎樣才能寫好一篇范文呢？下面我給大家整理了一些優(yōu)秀范文,，希望能夠幫助到大家,，我們一起來看一看吧。
考研英語寫作必備知識點(diǎn)篇一
it seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(圖畫主題),，which is ______________(進(jìn)一步的說明),。he seems to be saying that_______________(給出細(xì)節(jié))。in my opinion,，___________(個人闡述),。
this simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群體，如the whole of the human race),。therefore,，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(問題所在)。one the one hand,，we must _________________(建議一),。it is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(進(jìn)一步說明)。on the other hand,，________________(建議二)only in this way can we___________(展望前景),。
2.圖表作文
the chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(圖表主題)。the first thing we notice is that_______________(圖表最大特點(diǎn)),。this means that as __________,，_________________(進(jìn)一步說明)。
we can see from the statistics given that _______________(圖表細(xì)節(jié)一)。after ving_________(細(xì)節(jié)一中的第一個變化),，the _____ved+幅度+時間(緊跟著的變化),。the figures also tells us that_________________________(圖表細(xì)節(jié)二),。(數(shù)據(jù)位置,，如in the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(進(jìn)一步描述),。
judging from these figures,，we can draw the conclusion that___________(結(jié)論)。the reason for this,，as far as i am concerned is that_____________(給出原因),。/ it is high time that we ved(發(fā)出倡議)
各位可愛的同學(xué)：
考題為應(yīng)用文寫作，所以要注意：
1.條理清楚,，按照下列老師所列每種應(yīng)用文的格式把內(nèi)容寫完整,。
2.可以先用中文把提綱要求包含的信息都寫下來，再翻譯成英語,。這樣可以確保不會把應(yīng)該包括的信息漏掉,。
3.不要寫錯誤的單詞，寧可用簡單易懂的單詞代替,，注意卷面清潔和工整,。預(yù)祝大家都考上心儀的學(xué)校，制定好復(fù)習(xí)計劃,，按部就班,，調(diào)整好心態(tài)好好復(fù)習(xí)，你的心愿一定能實現(xiàn),，人生該吃苦該拼搏時就要拼搏,！各位加油！
一． 祝賀信(letter of congratulations)：
祝賀信的寫作與普通信件沒有什么大區(qū)別,，但應(yīng)注意：
1．必須包括對收信人的稱謂,。
2．必須包括對收信人的祝賀。
3．必須包括寫信人的姓名,。
4．措詞真誠,、輕松愉快，切忌言過其實,。
sample:
dear guojun,，i heard that you graduated with high honors from southeast university last month.i know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, i feel the same.i wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the best sincerely，qi zi
常用祝賀信用語
1．warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.熱烈祝賀你考上了……大學(xué),。
2．please accept our sincere wishes for your…
請接受我們對您……的衷心祝愿,。
3．i extend my best wishes for your success.衷心祝愿你成功。
4．may each new year bring you new hope.愿每個新年都給您帶來新的希望,。
二,、道歉信(letter of apology)
sample:
may 5
dear carole,，i am very sorry that i missed your phone call yesterday.i shall be at home tomorrow you please call me again?
sincerely yours，lisa
道歉信常用語句
1．please accept my sincere apologies.請接受我們誠摯的道歉,。
2．please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.3．
i am sorry i missed your …
對不起,，我錯過了你的……
4．i’ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party.未能參加你的慶祝會，我得向你道歉,。
5．please accept my sincere apologies for…
請接受我對……誠摯的歉意,。
ex.就下述內(nèi)容寫一封道歉信：
你的一位朋友昨天來看望你，你正巧外出未遇,，對此你寫信表示歉意,，并約他明天再過來。
may 5
dear tom,，i am very sorry that i was out when you called on me you come again tomorrow evening as i have something important to discuss with you?
sincerely yours,，lisa 更多例子：
1.因未能踐約赴宴致歉 unable to keep one’s promise
dear [miss nancy]，much to my regret i was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].hoping to see you yours,，親愛的[南希小姐]：
[小兒][上周六]突然生病,，因此未能應(yīng)約赴[生日]宴，殊覺抱歉,，希原諒,，再見。
祝好,！
2.因遲復(fù)來信致歉 because of answering one’s letter late
dear [david]:
i am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, december] sooner, but when i have told you the reason, i trust you will be convinced that the neglect was your letter arrived, i was just in [hong kong].as my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when i took it the first thing i have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.i enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.i shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when i see you ,，親愛的[戴維]：
請原諒我收到您[12月7日]的來信后遲遲未復(fù)，現(xiàn)將原因告訴您,，相信您一定會諒解的,。您的來信到來時，我正巧在[香港],，家人無法及時轉(zhuǎn)遞,。你的信一直放在我寫字臺上，直到我回到才看見,，拖至今天才回信,，深表歉意。
這次出去旅行飽覽了許多美麗景色,，下次見到您時,，將告訴您一切。
祝好,！
3.因未能及時還書致歉 unable to return borrowed book on time
dear [kate]:
excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “robinson crusoe” which i read through with great interest.i had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see having seen the book, [she] was so interested in it that i had to retain it r, i hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it ng you again for the ely yours,，親愛的[凱特]：
我遲遲未能歸還您的那本《魯濱遜飄流記》，請原諒。該書我讀得津津有味,。讀完后,，正預(yù)備歸還您時，我的[表妹]來訪,，見這本書也感興趣,，定要借去一讀。為了讓別人也能分享您那本書所給予的樂趣,，我不能及時歸還,。我想再延遲些日子奉還,，諒您不會介意的,。
再次感謝您的慷慨。
祝好,！
4.因遺失借書致歉 because of losing a borrowed book
dear [frank]:
i am terribly sorry to tell you that i have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].i read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[last night] when i came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.i will try to recover it as soon as i fail to find it, i will get a new book for i am afraid it can never take the place of the old books are like old lost, they can never be are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never for this irrecoverable loss, i am to blame.i was so careless with my is a warning to me to be more careful in the truly,，親愛的[弗蘭克]：
很抱歉，[上星期]您借給我的那本書竟遺失了,。我[每天]都在看,，準(zhǔn)備[下個月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的臥室,，到處也找不到那本書,。我將盡力找到它。萬一找不到,，我只好買一本新的還您,。
但是，新書恐怕不能代替那本舊書吧,！舊書跟舊友一樣,，一旦失去就不能再得。舊書與往事相連,，這種不可彌補(bǔ)的損失,，皆由我起。我對待一切太大意了,，這次給我一個警告,，叫我以后要小心。
三、慰問信
慰問信應(yīng)寫得真切，注意措辭,，對輕病或者小損失,，慰問信應(yīng)寫得輕松一些。相反,，對嚴(yán)重病情或重大損失,，信就應(yīng)該寫得深沉一些,。慰問信寫時應(yīng)注意：
1.寫給受傷人的信要簡短,，中肯,。信中不必問詢事故發(fā)生的過程、原因,、見證人等,。
2.慰問信中應(yīng)寫一些被慰問者喜歡或熟悉的事物，如病人的愛好,、興趣等,，以使病人得到寬慰。
1.向朋友問候 a letter of inquiring after someone’s health
dear [john]:
i am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about ody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick kind regards,，yours sincerely,，親愛的[約翰]：
聽說你病了，我深感不安,。原來我們還以為您的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn),，事實上卻反而加重，而不得不住進(jìn)了醫(yī)院,。但愿這是短時間的,，很快不會恢復(fù)健康。這里每個人都祝愿您早日痊愈,。
特此問候
2.問候朋友的母親 inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother
dear [],，i felt very sorry indeed when i heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of a separate cover i am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best ely yours 親愛的[王先生]：
聽說您的母親身體欠安，深表憂慮,。不知令堂近況如何,，實為惦念。隨信另寄上[什錦餅干一盒],，并致以最良好的問候,。
您忠誠的
[吳洋]
3.祝賀朋友病愈 congratulations on someone’s recovery
dear [jane]:
i learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which i therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.i hope that you will soon be completely restored to sincerely
親愛的[簡]：
在您患病的這一期間內(nèi)，親戚朋友無不為你掛慮,，聽到你的病已有好轉(zhuǎn),，并已逐漸痊愈，十分快慰,，特地向你祝賀,。
望你早日完全痊愈。
4.慰問喪偶的朋友 a letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife
dear [],，i would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].in the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [professor of harper]’s friendship.i found [him] a sincere and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].the knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, i hope, be of some comfort to yours
親愛的[哈珀女士]：
獲悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息,，深表遺憾。
長期以來,，能與[哈珀教授]保持友誼是我的榮幸,。[哈珀教授]是一位我最樂于與其一道[工作]的忠實而有幫助的朋友,。
但愿我此時的問候，能給您帶來一些安慰,。
四,、傳真
傳真是通過傳真機(jī)傳遞的信函，大多為業(yè)務(wù)信函,。企事業(yè)單位都有專用的傳真紙,，紙上面印有現(xiàn)成的傳真格式，擬發(fā)傳真時按格式填寫即可,。下面為一種常見的傳真格式：
發(fā)傳真人單位名稱,、地址=電話和傳真號碼、電子郵件網(wǎng)址
to:(收傳真人單位)
date(發(fā)送傳真日期)
attn:(attention, 收傳真部門或個人姓名)
fax no:(傳真號)
from：(發(fā)傳真部門或個人姓名)
page(s):(所發(fā)傳真頁數(shù))
re:(regarding, 傳真內(nèi)容標(biāo)題)
(傳真信函)：
稱呼語：
信體：
客套結(jié)語：
署名：
五,、請求信
example 1.1903 huashan road
shanghai 200030 july 8, 1995
dear sirs,，i wish to enroll your intensive english program before i attend a university in the fall of sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly ely yours，wang xiaoping
example xiaoping
1903 huashan road
shanghai 200030
july 6,1998
dear sirs,，i want to pursue a master’s degree in electrical engineering at your intended date of entrance is spring, you please send me the application forms for admission?
sincerely yours
wang xiaoping
六,、布告(announcement)：布告的寫作和便條一樣，也比較簡單,。只要注意以下幾點(diǎn)即可：
1．在正文上方的中間位置應(yīng)該注明布告的性質(zhì)。2．
正文中簡單明了地說明布告的事宜,。3．
正文右下方應(yīng)該注明發(fā)布告的單位。4．
發(fā)布告的日期可以省略,。sample:
lost and found a lady has picked a wrist watch in the shopping center and turned it over to our owner of the wrist watch may come to claim it with his or her identification and found office
七、(notice)：英文通知的寫作也可采用不同形式。有的是采用句子的形式予以陳述,，而有的則只做以簡單的羅列,。一般應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1．必須包括notice字樣，而且每個字母都應(yīng)采用大寫,。
2．內(nèi)容必須包括時間,、地點(diǎn),、事宜和通知對象等,。表達(dá)須準(zhǔn)確,，措詞也要較正式,。
3．必須包括寫通知的個人或者單位的稱謂，而且一般都放在通知的右下腳,。
4．必須包括寫通知的日期,。
sample:
notice
may 4, 2003 , the general manager of shanghai golden palm computer system limited company, will give a lecture on modern information management model at 6:30 march one-and-a-half-hour lecture will be held in the multi-media lecture ts of information management are invited to attend the ation management department
example 擬一張請計算機(jī)系的學(xué)生于10月5號星期三下午1：30到系會議室聽關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)報告的通知。
notice
oct.2, 2004 all students of the computer department are requested to meet in the department conference room at 1:30 wednesday, october5, to hear a report on environmental computer department office
八．便條 基本寫作格式
便條內(nèi)容和類型不盡相同,，可以靈活變通,。但各類便條必須包括以下幾個基本要素,；1）date：便條日期2）salutation：稱呼3）body：正文4）signature：署名
樣例
收條：即收到錢物之后，給交錢或送物人寫張字據(jù),，說明已經(jīng)收到某物,，可留作證據(jù)。條據(jù)上需寫明錢物名稱和數(shù)量,、立據(jù)人及日期,。不得涂改。
jan.23rd,2003received from student, wang zihao one hundred yuan only for this months tuition manfor the finance office offoreign language institute
欠條,；留下字據(jù),，表示欠某人某物。條據(jù)上需寫明錢物名稱和數(shù)量,、立據(jù)人及日期,。不得涂改。
sept.16th, 2002borrowed from the foreign language department reference library three books as follows:a copy of history and anthology of english literature by wu weirena copy of a survey of american literature by chang yaoxina copy of world literature by jiang chengen
wu zhuo
for the office of
social science department
留言：用書面留下要說的話,。留言涉及的方面很多,，包括約會，通知,，請求等任何可用便條留下的口信,。
tuesdaydear li,as the spring festival is drawing near, im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves you like to come on time at 5:00 , to room 6 of lijing hotel?
yours always, jiayang
請假條：往往指由于生病或特殊情況不能親自當(dāng)面請假，用假條的形式告假,。所以,，請假條大多是病假條?？梢宰詫懀部烧埶舜鷮?。寫假條最重要的是說明原因和請假的期限,。
jan.10thdear ,i am terribly sorry that i shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of english class due to a bad cold and high ed is a certificate from the doctor who said i must stay in bed for a few days.i will go back to school as soon as i respectfully,tian ye
常用句子i shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，請早日來電,，我將不勝感激,。
delighted!will call at 2 ow.來條收悉，定于明天下午兩點(diǎn)拜訪,。
encl.: doctors certificate of advice.附,；醫(yī)生證明i shall be bery happy to call at your house at 6:30 this then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候,。
upon receiving this note, please come to my office.見條后,，請立即來我辦公室。
stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的幫助,。
i happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事,，需要200元,。
yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一張入場券均已收到，不勝感激,。
im very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and im sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀請觀看你們的音樂會,，我一定按時到場。
please accept this little figt as a small token of my esteen for you.奉上這小小的禮物,，以表達(dá)我對您的崇高敬意,。
結(jié)束語i trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不會給你帶來太大的不便。
please favor me with an early reply.敬請早復(fù),。
hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早處理此事,。
please give an extension of leave for three days.請準(zhǔn)予續(xù)假三天為盼。
九,、簡歷(resume)簡 歷 1 結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn): 簡歷是個人經(jīng)歷的書面表達(dá)形式,，應(yīng)包含個人信息、教育背景和工作經(jīng)歷,。有時還可包含事業(yè)目標(biāo)（objective或career objective）,、其他經(jīng)歷（activities）、獲獎情況（awards）和特長（special skills）等,。舉例：suppose you are going to graduate from the a resume in about 100 words to apply for a not use your own name, using “l(fā)i mei” :
resume personal data: name:li mei sex:female address: room 602, dormitory building 12,wuhan university wuhan, hubei, 430021 date of birth:june 16, 1983 place of birth:zunyi, guizhou telephone:(027)87273548, *** email:angellimei@ hobbies:painting, reading, internet surfing, dancing foreign languages:english objective: to work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination education:
2002 ~ present studying at wuhan university bachelor of arts in finance 1999 ~ 2002 studying at zunyi no.1 high school 1996 ~ 1999 studying at zunyi no.7 junior high school work experience: none special skills and technical qualifications:
i am professionally trained in finance and addition to mandarin, i can speak, write and read english fluently.i had two parttime jobs in taiping company and zhida company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales plan-ning experience
簡 歷
語言注意點(diǎn): 簡歷忌過長或用詞空泛,，提供的信息應(yīng)有用、如實,，編排須整齊有系統(tǒng),。
舉例：suppose you are tan wen, english teacher at taiyuan institute of a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another : tan wen taiyuan institute of technology taiyuan, shanxi province telephone:(0351)6523787 experience 2000 ~ present working as a lecturer of english at taiyuan institute of technology teaching undergraduate(nonenglish majors)intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing teaching graduate(nonenglish majors)writing education 1997 ~ 2000 studying at shanghai teacher's university master of arts in american studies 1993 ~ 1997 studying at shanxi university bachelor of arts in english language and literature 1990 ~ 1993 studying at mianyang senior high school 1987 ~ 1990 studying at mianyang no.5 junior high school personal data sex: female date of birth: june 27, 1976 place of birth: mianyang, sichuan, china marital status: married, without child health: excellent
十、申請信
結(jié)構(gòu)要點(diǎn)申請信是向收信人提出某個請求的信件,，包含三個部分： 1． 提出請求,； 2． 說明原因； 3． 請求回復(fù)并表示感謝,。
舉例：write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a scholarship from a foreign not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “l(fā)i ming” sir, i wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.i am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship.i have just graduated from shanghai university of finance and economics and got my bachelors degree last my four years in the university, i have passed all the compulsory courses of study with high rmore, i have chosen a wide range of optional courses such as literary, history and public speaking to widen my horizon and sharpen my father, a professor of english in nanjing university, has been teaching me english since i was a i believe i will not have any language difficulties while learning in your country.i would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable you in advance and look forward to your early sincerely, li ming 語言注意點(diǎn)申請信開篇應(yīng)點(diǎn)明主題,，語言簡練。接著說明做此申請的原因,，即自己所具備的申請條件,，這一部分需重點(diǎn)明確，論述充分,。最后請求回復(fù)并表示感謝時,，應(yīng)采用禮貌、誠懇的措辭,。
舉例：write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a membership in a community service not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “l(fā)i ming” sir, i have heard that a service team which aims to help the old and the handicapped will be organized in our community.i am very interested in it and want to join the team.i now study in tongji university and my parents live is known to all that it is a virtue to help others in a college student, i am eager to do something for the g others is meaningful in that we not only bring others convenience and strength but also gain pleasure and satisfaction ore, please allow me to join the team.i will certainly try my sincerely, li ming
考研英語寫作必備知識點(diǎn)篇二
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(一)
中華民族的喜慶節(jié)日(chinese festivial)國慶節(jié) national day
中秋節(jié) mia-autumn festival春節(jié) spring festival
元宵節(jié) lantern festival兒童節(jié) children‘s day
端午節(jié) dragon boat festival婦女節(jié) women’s day
潑水節(jié) water-splashing day教師節(jié) teachers’ day
五四青年節(jié) youth day
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(二)
中國獨(dú)特的傳統(tǒng)飲食(unique traditional chinese foods)
鍋貼 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls
套餐 set meal盒飯 box lunch;chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu
米粉 rice noodles餛飩 wonton
火鍋 chafing dish八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding粉絲 glass noodles豆腐腦 jellied bean curd冰糖葫蘆 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples, etc.)
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(三)
中國新興事物(newly sprouted things)京九鐵路 beijing –kowloon railway中國電信 china telecom扶貧工程 anti-poverty project中國移動 china mobile菜籃子工程 vegetable basket project十五計劃 the 10th five-year plan溫飽工程 decent-life project中國電腦聯(lián)網(wǎng) chinanet安居工程 economy housing project三峽工程 the three gorges project掃黃 porn-purging campaign希望工程 project hope西部大開發(fā) go-west campaign
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(四)
大陸中國 mainland chin鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl
紅寶書 little red book大鍋飯 communal pot
紅色中國 socialist china關(guān)系戶 closely-related units四化 four modernizations外出打工人員 migrant workers終生職業(yè) job-for-life
關(guān)系網(wǎng) personal nets, closely-knitted guild
五講(講文明,、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生,、講秩序,、講道德)the five merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals
四美(心靈美,、語言美、行為美,、環(huán)境美)the four virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(五)
基層監(jiān)督 grass-roots supervision婚紗攝影 bride photo
基礎(chǔ)稅率 base tariff level黑心棉 shoddy cotton
婚介所 matrimonial agency機(jī)器閱卷 machine scorin
婚外戀 extramarital love
即開型獎券 scratch-open ticket/lottery
集中精力把經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)搞上去 go all out for economic development
價格聽證會 public price hearings甲a球隊 spanision a soccer team家政服務(wù) household management service
加強(qiáng)輿論監(jiān)督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帳 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel
矯情 use lame arguments漸進(jìn)式臺獨(dú) gradual taiwan independence借調(diào) temporarily transfer
擴(kuò)大中等收入者比重 raise the proportion of the middle-income group.擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需,，刺激消費(fèi)expand domestic demand and consumption
安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化 information-base ormationization
智力密集型 concentration of brain power knowledge-intensive
外資企業(yè) overseas-funded enterprises下崗職工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角債 chain debts
素質(zhì)教育 education for all-round development
豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社會治安情況 law-and-order situation民族國家 nation state臺獨(dú) independence of taiwan臺灣當(dāng)局 taiwan authorities臺灣同胞 taiwan compatriots臺灣是中國領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。
taiwan is an inalienable part of the chinese territory.西部大開發(fā) development of the west regions
可持續(xù)性發(fā)展 sustainable development
風(fēng)險投資 risk investment通貨緊縮 deflation
擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需 to expand domestic demand
計算機(jī)輔助教學(xué) computer-assisted instruction(cai)
網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間 cyberspace網(wǎng)上購物 shopping online
虛擬現(xiàn)實 virtual reality應(yīng)試教育 exam-oriented education網(wǎng)民 netizen(net citizen)學(xué)生減負(fù) to reduce study load電腦犯罪 computer crime總裁助理 assistant president電子商務(wù) the e-business綜合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents
信息化 information-based;informationization
智力密集型 concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive
外資企業(yè) overseas-funded enterprises
下崗職工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel下海 plunge into the commercial sea下網(wǎng) off line
小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family
新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star
新新人類 new human being;x generation信息港 info port形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand
虛擬網(wǎng) virtual net學(xué)生處 students′ affairs spanision研究生畢業(yè)證/學(xué)位證 graduate diploma/graudate degree′sdiploma
搖錢樹 cash cow以人為本 people oriented;people foremost義務(wù)教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can
應(yīng)試教育 examination-oriented education system
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(六)
the classification for the commodities
food 速凍食品 al-care supplies 個人護(hù)理用品
products 玩具
ed foods -care products 汽車護(hù)理用品
ng supplies -care products 庭院護(hù)理用品
考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(七)
different stores
nience y store小賣部
store藥店
ment nt store打折店
y lty shop專賣店
ng mall/shopping center購物中心
houshold department
dish 碟子silverware 銀器cooking utensils 廚具
pots 壺pans 鍋
考研英語寫作必備知識點(diǎn)篇三
應(yīng)用文
滿分策略：
3.1信函寫作：稱呼,、正文,、落款 第一步：審題—判斷是個人書信&事務(wù)公函
決定：
語域使用：正式:使用禮貌表達(dá),不用縮略語（對公）
半正式: 可以使用縮略和口語表達(dá)（對私）
非正式:（一般不考）——it depends 呼語: 特定的寫信對象：dear xx;不明確收信人：dear sir/madam, or to whom it may concern，3.1.2正文 三段（8句）：寫作目的段,、細(xì)化段,、感謝或者期待。各種信函內(nèi)容安排
建議信：2007年及2009年part a真題及解析： 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
dear?/to whom it may concern, 第一段：寫信目的,，自我介紹,贊揚(yáng)在先,仍需改進(jìn),。第二段：建議細(xì)節(jié)。
第三段：期望改進(jìn),表示感謝,。
yours sincerely,，li ming 2007年part a 真題及解析（建議信）：
directions: write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its should write about 100 words on answer sheet not sign your own name at the end of the “l(fā)i ming” not write the whom it may concern, i am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend my spare lly speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, i have some suggestions for you to i would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? in the daytime, most of the students are having classes, so they can’t come to the er, some of the books on shelves are out of you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be very pleased.i really wish to have a more comfortable you for your time and sincerely, li ming
建議信框架：
dear xx/to whom it may concern, i am xxx who?.generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, i have some suggestions for you to begin with,?建議一； moreover, ?建議二,。
thank you for your time and i would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into sincerely, li ming 投訴信
與投訴信比較：仍然以提建議為主,無需贊揚(yáng),直接表明寫信目的—即提建議,最后無需感謝,只需表示期待改進(jìn),。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
第一段： 自我介紹，陳述事由,，提出建議,。
第二段：投訴細(xì)節(jié)（補(bǔ)救細(xì)節(jié)）。第三段：期待改進(jìn),。投訴信框架：
dear xx/to whom it may concern, i am xxx who?.i am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about?（投訴信）,。具體事由。to improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures,。
to begin with,?細(xì)節(jié)一,； moreover, ?細(xì)節(jié)二。
we trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind
yours sincerely, li ming 致歉信：2008parta真題及解析 基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
dear?, 第一段：表明寫信目的：道歉,，闡述道歉原因, 第二段：提出解決方法。
第三段：再次道歉,。
sincerely yours, li ming 2008 part a 真題及解析（致歉信）： directions: you have just come back from canada and found a music cd in your luggage that you forgot to return to bob, your landlord him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a should write about 100 words on answer sheet not sign your own name at the den of the “l(fā)i ming” not write the address.解析
dear bob, i am writing to express my apology to l days ago, i borrowed your music cd when i lived in your unately, after i came back from canada, i found it in my in such a hurry that i forgot to return it to you.i will send it to you by post of expose as soon as necessary, i will compensate for any troubles it may again, i feel so sorry for any inconvenience accept my ely yours, li ming 道歉信框架： dear xx, i am writing to apologize to you for my failing to ?.道歉理由,。
excuse me for my carelessness in making such a make up for the inconvenience caused, i would like to...補(bǔ)償一。補(bǔ)償二,。
once again, i feel so sorry for any inconvenience accept my ely yours, li ming
辭職信：2005年part a真題及解析（辭職信）： 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： dear?,，yours sincerely, li ming 2005年part a 真題及解析（辭職信）： directions: two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and now you find that the work is not what you decide to a letter to your boss, , telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an your letter with no less than 100 it neatly on answer sheet not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “l(fā)i ming” do not need to write the , i am writing this letter to apologize that i will quit the position as an editor of your magazine for the reason of months ago, i was accepted by the design and fashions as a member of it.i was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around during the span of working here, i have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because i want a more peaceful life, such as a you know that i am not an outgoing girl.i find that i am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which i do not really i am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to accept my sincerely, li ming 辭職信框架 dear xx，yours sincerely, li ming
慰問信： 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： dear?,，yours sincerely, li ming 范文解析： dear li gang, i was really shocked and saddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief, but i would express my deepest the next day or so you will receive a little package from me.i hope you like it, and that it will be useful at your present ’s more, please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else i can do now and always.i do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way i sincerely,，li ming 慰問信框架 dear xx,，yours sincerely, li ming
dear xx，yours sincerely, li ming li ming 祝賀信： 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： dear?,，yours sincerely, li ming
范文解析：
dear zhang jian, i am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on your admission to beijing university as a the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into your major study.i am delighted that the four years of your study has been rewarded in this is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of tulations again.i wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.i am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research sincerely, li ming
祝賀信框架
dear xx, i am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on?.during the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into?.i am delighted that the four years of your effort has been rewarded in this is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of tulations again.i wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.i am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research sincerely, li ming 邀請信：
a)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
dear?, yours sincerely, li ming 范文解析：
dear professor wang, it is my honor to inform you that there is a “culture festival” held in mu you like to give us an excellent lecture on psychology in the auditorium of our campus at 6:30 p.m., sept.13th? since psychology has caused more and more concerns among the students, and you are an expert in the area, we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.i very much hope that you will accept the i am looking forward to hearing back from sincerely, li ming b)常用句型：
we are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in(place)on(date)at(time).would you like to come?(不太正式)
it is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in(place)on(date)at(time).we would be too glad to invite you as?(正式)
i very much hope that you will accept the i am looking forward to hearing back from you.感謝信：（重要）
基本結(jié)構(gòu) dear?,，yours sincerely, li ming
范文解析： dear jim, i am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude.i am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when i was knocked off my bike by a it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, i fear that the consequences might have been much more ne agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory gh nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer sincerely, li ming 感謝信框架（重要）
dear jim，yours sincerely, li ming 申請信:2006年part a 真題及解析（申請信&請求信：工作,，求學(xué),，獎學(xué)金）基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型： dear?, 告知信息來源及寫信目的
突出重點(diǎn)的自我介紹（專業(yè)，學(xué)習(xí)成績,，英語水平,，學(xué)習(xí)能力，性格及合作精神）, 附簡歷, 表示感謝,。
yours sincerely,，li ming
申請信:其他
2006年part a真題及解析（申請信&請求信）directions：
you want to contribute to project hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your your letter in no less than 100 it neatly on answer sheet not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use“l(fā)i ming” not write the address.（10points）解析：
to whom it may concern, i am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the hope foundation。
i am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area.i would like to help two kinds of children：first ,those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees, and second, those whose academic performance in school is excellent.i have decided to commit myself to save the necessary financial aid required to accomplish my goal.i have not doubt(there is not doubt)that i meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from sincerely,，li ming
常用句型：
i learnt from the newspaper that you want an accountant and i would like to apply for the job i am writing to apply for enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.i would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your you for your time and consideration.推薦信
框架
第一段：寫信目的,，指出寫信人和被推薦人的關(guān)系，第二段：推薦原因（品質(zhì),，能力,，性格等）：多寫優(yōu)點(diǎn)肯定成績。
第三段：總結(jié)說明被推薦人值得被推薦（例如能勝任某項工作）,。范文
dear sir/ madam, it is with great pleasure that i recommend to you zhang jian, an outstanding graduate majoring in business administration.i have been in charge of ’s class since they were freshmen, so i know his is courteous, sincere and took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration his excellent communication ability and a good command of english add a lot to his managerial skills.i believe zhang jian is the right person for the position as an administrator in your company.i recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff sincerely, li ming
詢問信：考研英語大綱樣題應(yīng)用文部分（詢問信）：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型：
dear ?, 自我介紹,表明寫信目的是咨詢某事,。
詢問細(xì)節(jié)。
感謝及相關(guān)信息,。
yours sincerely, li ming 常用句型：
27.i am writing this letter to inquire about ? 28.i want to/would like to know ? 29.i wonder if ?
it be possible for you to ?? should i pay for these books?—by cash or by other means? y, if i order these books now, when can i get them? how will these books be delivered to my house? 33.i should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.3.2 備忘錄/告示類應(yīng)用文寫作（memorandum/notice）
告示類
標(biāo)題居中—notice/announcement 日期---標(biāo)題下一行右側(cè)（jan.7, 2012）
正文：
第一段 通知目的
第二段 具體信息
第三段 聯(lián)系方式,、表示歡迎 范文分析
announcement
jan.7, 2012 in order to improve students’ ability, the postgraduate association is recruiting volunteers for a conference about globalization which will be held in the coming begin with, the volunteers are requested to speak english fluently and are expected to be active and rmore, the volunteers will be trained for 5 days and therefore the senior students with more free time are who is interested with it please contact us, and send your resume to the email address: 123456@
postgraduate association memo基本結(jié)構(gòu)： to: from: subject: date:（month day,year）
正文
簽名 模擬題及范文： directions: you are an active member of the student newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position : august 10,2005 to: all students from: li ming
3.3 摘要寫作（abstract）
this article focuses on the ?.this thesis discuss/analyzes?.this paper provides an overview of ?
this paper presents up-to-date information on ?
考研英語寫作必備知識點(diǎn)篇四
隨著2011考研報名工作的正式啟動，1月份的考試離我們越來越近了,，要參加2011考研的考生神經(jīng)又要繃緊一些了,。這里，與大家分享一下有關(guān)考研英語寫作中書信寫作的方法常用技巧等,，掌握了這些,，相信此類題型的提分會有很大幫助。
書信題型寫作是應(yīng)用文寫作中常見的功能性寫作形式,，書信寫作的準(zhǔn)備一是宏觀,，就是要掌握它的格式，基本框架,，就是先寫什么,，后寫什么；二是微觀，具體到語言如何使用,。
一,、書信寫作考察的結(jié)構(gòu)
① 日期，寫信人應(yīng)將寫信日期(年,，月,，日)放在書信正文的右上角，如jan.30th, 2010,。提醒：考研書信寫作沒有要求考生必須寫時間,，如果沒有把握自己的時間書寫格式是正確的，建議考生不要寫,，以免出錯反而扣分,。
② 稱呼，稱呼是寫信人對收信人的稱謂,，稱呼可以根據(jù)收信人的性別,，職務(wù)，婚姻狀況,，姓名等個人信息來寫,，如：ms, , professor li, , dear mum and dad
如果寫信人不清楚收信人的具體姓名，職務(wù)等情況,，可以寫：dear sir or madam, to whom it may concern,。
③ 正文，正文是書信的主要部分,，在稱呼下方隔一或兩行處開始,。考生寫正文時,，要分層次進(jìn)行,。書信正文通常由引言，展開段和結(jié)尾三個層次組成,。
· 引言,，引言表明寫信人的寫信目的和寫信背景，一般僅限于一段,，一兩句話即可,。
提醒：此處考生容易犯一個錯誤：照抄題目的表達(dá)，甚至原句,，這是一個嚴(yán)重的錯誤,，在閱卷過程至少會扣到2分，希望廣大考生要注意,。
· 展開段，展開段內(nèi)容應(yīng)詳實,，具體,?？梢苑譃槿舾啥蝸韺懀恳欢螄@一個主題展開,。提醒：提醒廣大考生,，題干中的要點(diǎn)必須全部包含，考生若是在漏掉一個要點(diǎn)（一般小作文有3個要點(diǎn)）會至少扣掉3分,。
· 結(jié)尾,，結(jié)尾部分通常比引言部分短，使用一兩句話表達(dá)一下希望或祝愿,。
④ 結(jié)束語,，結(jié)束語是寫信人對收信人的謙稱，寫在正文下面二至三行處,。公務(wù)等較正式的信件多采用yours sincerely, sincerely yours, yours faithfully, yours truly 等,；私人信件，多采用yours, with love, yours affectionately 等,。
⑤ 簽名,，簽名應(yīng)寫在結(jié)束語的下面。
二,、主體段語言的操作
書信按照指令邊想邊寫,。主體第一段一句話，開門見山,，提出寫信的目的,，表明信的性質(zhì)：是投訴信還是申請信還是請求信？我為什么要寫這封信,？常用句式包括：
i am writing to complain about...i am writing to thank...for.../express my gratitude for...i am writing to ask for...i am writing to apply for...正文第二段,，100個字左右，8,、9句話,。
此段寫作的中心任務(wù)是把題目中的提綱進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。如果有3條提綱,，可以每一條提綱擴(kuò)充3句,。怎么樣擴(kuò)充，主要是發(fā)揮點(diǎn)小小的想象力,，有兩種思路,，一是將上義拆分成為若干下義，二是把一件事情說得更為形象具體,。比如第一條指令,，題目里面說是books，可以細(xì)化為各種各樣的書，這就是下義拆分法,。還可以具體描寫一下這些書是什么樣子的,。同樣第二個指令里面的methods of payment,和第三個指令里面的time and way of delivery都可以采用這兩種方法進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。
結(jié)尾,，一般為禮貌性的套話,，一般都是焦急等待著您的回信i am looking forward to your reply足以，或者i would appreciate it if you could send a replay at your earliest convenience也行,。
以下為書信寫作中常用的經(jīng)典句型參考,，希望大家在寫作中活學(xué)活用。
常用起首語
1)i am much pleased to inform you that.......2)i wish to apply for the teaching position you are offering.3)your kind letter of november 22th arrived this morning.4)in reply to your letter dated july 4, i want to say...5)thank you for your letter dated dec.22, 2000.6)many thanks for your letter of sept.5,，1997.7)a thousand thanks for your kind letter of june 5,1997.8)your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.9)thank you very much for your letter of august 2 and the gift you sent me on christmas eve.10)first of all,i must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)with great delight i learn from your letter of this sunday that...12)i am too excited and delighted at your good news.13)i am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations....常用結(jié)束語
1)looking forward to your early reply
2)hoping to hear from you soon
3)i hope to hear from you very soon.4)we look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.5)your early reply will be highly appreciated.6)i hope everything will be well with you.7)please let us know if you want more information.8)i wish you very success in the coming year.9)please remember me to your family.10)with best regards to your family.11)all the best.12)with love and good wishes.求職申請信常用句型
reply to your advertisement in ~,i respectfully offer my services for the reference to your advertisement in ~ for a / an ~,i offer myself for the consider me an applicant for the position which you advertised in ~. noticed the enclosed advertisement in ~,i wish to apply for the position referred answer to your advertisement in ~ for a ~,i wish to tender my advertisement for a ~ in ~ has interested me.i feel i can fill that you need an experienced ~ for your ~ next summer?
8.i have been for over five years in the employment of a / an ~ company
9.i have been in the business for the last ~ years, and worked as the director of the...department.10.i've had ~ years' experience with a company as a ~. the last ~ years, i have been and still am a / an ~.12.i'm ~ years of age, female / male, and have had ~ years' experience in a limited company's ~ office
13.i should be very glad to have a personal interview and can furnish references if you desire an interview, i shall be most happy to call in person, on any day and at any time you may you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me an interview.16.i trust that you'll give this application your favorable you give me a trial, i'll do my utmost to afford you every satisfaction.申訴信常用句型
1.i am sorry to say that we are greatly inconvenienced by the fact that ~.2.i am writing this letter to complain about ~.3.i really must complain about the quality of the ~ i recently got from your seem to have supplied us with a product that falls far below the standard we ~ i ordered from your store arrived sly, no packing had been placed in the box before it was sent from the is now over ~ since we made the above order with you, but the ~ we need badly now haven't arrived product i purchased from you ~ proved to be quite a gh it looks exactly the same as the one i saw in your commercial, it actually does not perform the same i have no interest in receiving a replacement, i am returning the product to you and demand that a full refund be made to me.9.i'd appreciate it very much if you refund the money i have paid for would appreciate it if you would arrange for the replacement of the damaged items.感謝信常用句型
me tell you how much i liked / appreciated / enjoyed...2.i want you to know how much we / i appreciate... appreciate your taking time to...4.i don't know how i would have managed without your help
5.i hope i can return the favor someday
let me know if i can ever return the favor
考研英語寫作必備知識點(diǎn)篇五
高分范文展示：
the global economy, who is sleeping over that stretcher, like a helpless-sick wreck, is being practiced emergency treatment by worldwidebanking systems, which are trying their best to save the market intensively by cuously, that’s a horrible depiction related to/concerning the the top of the list which should never be of all, , as the case of would make its comeback every 10-30 years on the average, so would this rmore, the overestimation of economic prosperityhas resulted in a great multitude of foams/bubbles in the securities and the , who made use of installment policy to speculate in real estate industry, thus, only spending 30% of totally-needed funds in possessing 3 apartments, with the aggregate price over rmb 2 ly, it is not the day of we are glad to see is the keyword – “cooperation”and we will surely get through this tough period before long.好句寫法：把句子拉長→加修飾：
(1)n.+ who/which/that… 加從句
peopletakeseriously the lifestyle of chasing for luxuries.那些把一個人擁有財產(chǎn)的數(shù)量當(dāng)作評判其社會地位的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人們,，會很重視追逐奢侈品的生活方式。
(2)n./句子結(jié)尾 + v.-ed(en)(被動)/ v.-ing(主動)加分詞（定語后置）
ters, ranging from/who range from 20 to 30 years old ranging fromwith研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，和十年前的5%相比,，現(xiàn)在有近24%的年輕白領(lǐng)表示不清楚自己想要什么。
(3)n.+ with + n.(修飾語)加限定詞
e.g.a pretty girl → a girl with an angel-like face and a fairy-like figure
ys, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show/display their success and existence.當(dāng)今,，很多有錢人喜歡通過買豪車來顯示自己的成功和存在,。
→these days, withdefined as the typical marks of 句型模仿：
07 閱讀text3最后一段：
from the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.* looks far less like… a good deal more like… 看起來不像是……而更像是……
模仿→05大作文：養(yǎng)老足球賽
from our conscientious and clear-minded perspective, much of this behavior, undoubtedly, looks far less like like a 依據(jù)我們的良知，毫無疑問,，大多數(shù)這種行為并不能提供合理分配贍養(yǎng)老人義務(wù)的機(jī)會,，相反，它更像是一種加劇中華傳統(tǒng)美德“尊老愛幼”走向大規(guī)模衰敗的危險行為
大作文——開頭what,、中間why/effect,、結(jié)尾how
what——虛開頭（首段首句）
(1)坊間流傳多年的所謂經(jīng)典套話
as can be seen in the picture given above…
→ asgiven above…
e.g.悲觀樂觀 man, passion-sufficient and energy-continuous, is climbing upon a ladder to reach to his shining blue print.(2)直接描述
e.g.12002年作文：美國女孩穿著中國傳統(tǒng)服飾
there is a beautiful american girl, who is standing over there in a chinese traditional costume, smiling just like a flower.a chinese traditional costume.e.g.2 2010年作文：文化“火鍋”，既美味又營養(yǎng)
those dishes and cooking ingredients in a chinese traditional hot-pot, including e.g.2012年作文：悲觀樂觀 what——[描述+寬泛,、宏觀的點(diǎn)評]（首段第二句）
it is aa significant information that 主題has been in the spotlight in current society主題 has aroused wide concern at any corner of our social consensus.e.g.家庭成員關(guān)系 * 首段第二句和第二段首句應(yīng)該有一定層次感,，首段第二句提出一個觀點(diǎn)/現(xiàn)象，第二段首句再將其具體化/細(xì)節(jié)化,，直擊中心,。
why/effect——實開頭：（主題句）+ 原因/影響（內(nèi)部：自身 / 外部：社會、媒體）+ 例子
(1)主題句：
among the topic concerning主題（抽象）, as the depiction/picture shows, the most cardinal tip is related to the issue of主旨中心思想（具體）.e.g.家庭關(guān)系
among the topic concerning the depiction shows, the most e.g.出國留學(xué)人數(shù)/考研人數(shù)/公務(wù)員人數(shù)(2)引出原因
several factors could weigh heavily for the happening of ____, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two begin with, onally, _____.e.g.中國傳統(tǒng)文化/美德的缺失(3)引出影響
it is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the revolutionary influences(that)the 現(xiàn)象 gives rise
begin with, … apart from… ,* 表示導(dǎo)致的短語：contribute to result in/trigger/induce/spell/invite
* 表示原因：inducement/incentive
e.g.人人考公務(wù)員 result begin with, … apart from … , * apart from用法：apart from(mentioned above), …(new information)= besides, … , google could owe its success to the brilliance of its founders, sergey brin and larry page.* 表示歸因于：owe/ascribe/attribute… to …
(4)舉例子
a good case blowing my mind now is 人/物, who/which …
e.g.慈善/真正的成功
a good case blowing my mind now is a world well-known man, whose name is bill gates, industry after his retirement.* 例子不能單獨(dú)提出,，例子前面要有一個論點(diǎn),，或者在例子后面要有一個點(diǎn)評和結(jié)論，這樣才是一個完整的舉例（名人名言也同理）,。
how——提出建議（suggestion）：規(guī)則,、思想、行為
(1)制定規(guī)則：
lay down/establish the effective/reliable/available/practical regulations to …呼應(yīng)主題.（敬老）（保護(hù)環(huán)境）（留學(xué)）
(2)改變思想：
deliver the moderate 主題詞 outlook to guide us both physically and r the moderate outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.成功觀/生活觀/物質(zhì)觀/世界觀/知識觀/能源觀
(3)規(guī)范行為：
exert/implement/practice the rational 主題詞 manners to live in a much more harmonious/compatible atmosphere/stance.(4)補(bǔ)充說明方法：名人名言（適用于最后一段提完建議之后）
萬能套話：
as a classic saying goes,千里之行,，始于足下
應(yīng)用：提完建議之后
yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggerationthat depending on the lack of 主題詞, many citizens/youths would have immersed in such an extreme condition for a long it have opportunities for us to make achange ? / is it possible to make a change? actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.we will surely handle/optimize/refrain from … as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.養(yǎng)老 actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.we will surely refrain from as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.奢侈浪費(fèi)
yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggeration that depending on the lack it have opportunities for us to make a change? actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.we will surely mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.特別講解：主體段落的展開（第二段）
(1)單向話題：要么褒,，要么貶
原因展開：
the factors contributing to… are vastly attribute it to ….others place the blame on / others place the high value on ….still the rest complain of/ attach importance to …
e.g.為什么很多年輕人最終會抽煙
the factors contributing to a big rise in are vastly attribute it to(2)雙向話題
e.g.中國傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的改變是好還是壞
according to my humble perspective, every sword is both positive and begin with, it goes without denying that the new-changed customs and habits have distinct one hand, they on the other hand, they eliminate “culture gap” to although / whilebidding farewell to the bygones enjoys considerable merits, it still have their own drawbacks when the following point is taken into account.a good case coming to my mind now isof the chinese virtues – raising all, * 舉例子的時候,，要實現(xiàn)從手段到效果的跨越（我們要怎么做來達(dá)到什么效果）
小作文——simplified（簡明扼要）字?jǐn)?shù)：100-120
* 大作文的套話和模板不能用在小作文中！
* 小作文寫作時必須覆蓋每個題目要求的要點(diǎn)
(1)letter——郵件,、信件：生活化/接地氣
a)邀請信
學(xué)術(shù)邀請（充滿敬意）：
開頭：正式邀請（含參會時間和主題）
主體：介紹會議安排
結(jié)尾：希望得到正式回復(fù),，并確認(rèn)
dear professor ___,it is my great honor to extend you our sincere invitation of an academic forum held on 具體時間 in/at 地點(diǎn),which focuses on the topic of主題
the forum mentioned above will be arranged as y at 8 start the ards, there will be another arrangement, including at around 時間, 另一個安排.i really hope you can make it is possible, i would like to ask you for sending me your bank
account, and i’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.最后期限.落款
范文：
dear professor liu,it is my great honor to extend you my sincere invitation of an academic forum held on jan.1 in the nation’s theatre, which focuses on the topic of chinese traditional forum mentioned above will be arranged as y at 8 start the opening of the forum, which involves a brief presentation with regard to the prospects as well as plights thatthe promotion of chinese culture may ards, there will be another arrangement concerning a micro-movie of the cultural relic exhibition, which will last 15 at 9 to 11 o’clock, you would be highly expected to present us a lecture named “world needs china”.i really hope you can make it is possible, i would like to ask you for sending me your bank account, and i’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the , if you please before next ming,the supervisor of xxx
b)申請信
學(xué)校組織社團(tuán)評優(yōu)，要寫申請,。你是學(xué)校創(chuàng)新社（innovation agency）的負(fù)責(zé)人，請你代表你們社參與評優(yōu),，寫一封申請信,。
范文：
dear sir or madame,innovation agency – “most improved organization award”.private tools’ rebuilding the ng to make it accessible/easy to wheelchairs..yours faithfully,li ming
c)回復(fù)投訴信（對別人投訴的回復(fù)和安撫）：承擔(dān)責(zé)任，嘗試挽回
有人投訴你負(fù)責(zé)的勤工助學(xué)中心某學(xué)生表現(xiàn)糟糕,，部分原文：
i will not use your temporary staff any more for their disastrous performance.范文：
dear sir,temporary administration assistant you received from my organization,.we really care about our clients and that is why we will try to give some explanation about what ate for faithfully,li mingd)銷售信（空格處填入產(chǎn)品名）
last year, we achieved a 215% increase in the sales of our believe that this happy state of affairs be attributed to two , we managed to avoid passing on any part of our increased manufacturing costs to our majestic , we believe our designs and colors are the most attractive that we have ever so we are happy to be able to tell you that our new season’s ____ are, if anything, more persuasive than last year’s and our prices will compare very favorably with those of any of our believe that your will agree that our samples prove the truth of our look forward for you to favor us an order.e)現(xiàn)場筆錄證明
you’ve come across a serious crash last night when a taxi heavily knocked down a the police asked you to offer a certificate of witness involving following points:
time and place
process of this emergency
witness on a crash
it was 時間 in a 星期 night, 日期, when i was about to enjoy my late snack a first aid to the young and phoned ambulance at ure:li ming
(2)notice——通知,、告示
a)失物招領(lǐng)（lost and found）：信息要有所保留，不能全部透露
case: you’ve picked up an ed（電子辭典）
and place
feature of this electronic dictionary（留一個最大特征來核實對方身份）
information for contact
lost and found
on the evening of 日期regular this ed the phone number sincerely yours,li ming
